“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.”
Benjamin Franklin
“ज्ञान में पूंजी लगाने से सर्वाधिक ब्याज मिलता है।”
बेंजामिन फ्रेंकलिन
“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.”
Benjamin Franklin
“ज्ञान में पूंजी लगाने से सर्वाधिक ब्याज मिलता है।”
बेंजामिन फ्रेंकलिन
Every year the National Tourism Day is celebrated on January 25. The day is celebrated to create awareness about the growth aspects of tourism sector. Also, the day aims to spread the impact of tourism sector on the economic development of the country.
Rural and Community centric tourism
The tourism sector was first introduced in India in 1948. A tourism committee was formed in 1948. Later in 1958, a separate tourism department was created under the Ministry of Tourism and Communication.
It includes activities of domestic tourism and outbound tourism. Domestic tourism includes activities of the residents of the country and the also the activities of the foreign tourists within India. Outbound tourism includes activities of residents of the country in foreign soil.
Thomas Cook. He was an English innovator who founded Thomas Cook and Son, a world famous travel agency. He is the inventor of modern tourism.
Maharashtra has the highest number of tourists visiting the state. More than five lakh tourists visit the state annually. After Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu ranks second in tourism with more than four lakh tourists visiting the state. After these two states, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi are at third and fourth places respectively. UP has more than three lakh tourists visiting the state and Delhi has more than two lakh visitors.
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the tourism sector in India generated 220 billion USD of revenue annually. Also, the tourism sector contributes to 9.2% of the total GDP of the country. The sector contributes 8.1% of employment. The medical tourism of India is 3 billion USD and is expected to grow more.
Los Angeles – BeGreat Together, the nonprofit arm of newly launched online educational platform Assemble.fyi, has opened applications for $5,000 scholarships to be awarded to three, full-time junior, senior, or graduate students attending a Historically Black College or University. Chosen students will support them in conducting research for their upcoming short documentaries.
Starting Spring 2022, the organization will film four short documentaries focused on Black and Latino community changemakers and the work that they are doing to transform their communities. Each program will contain historical and present-day facts and statistics related to the community where the change is being catalyzed. Topics will include Black and Latino maternal health, advocacy and art within Latino communities, housing advocacy, engaging the justice system, and more.
It is the cultivation of our own natures that is aimed at and not the imitation of the nature of another.The powers of our own mind are to be drawn out.– Hallie Quinn Brown
“Launching this scholarship allows us to support the institutions that were founded as a beacon of hope for the Black community. Future generations have been invested in and built through HBCUs. Over time, that hope and investment has reverberated and reached others in our society, as we have seen significant enrollment of minorities from various ethnicities in HBCU institutions. We see this as an opportunity to join a longstanding endeavor to uplift and give opportunity to students who have historically been overlooked,” said Avrell Stokes, Co-Founder of Assemble.fyi and President of BeGreat Together.
Any full-time students enrolled in an accredited Historically Black College or University are encouraged to apply by submitting a short essay. Experience with qualitative or quantitative research is not necessary, but preferred. An interest in Black and/or Latino community building is strongly encouraged. Applications close February 22, 2022 at 11:59 CST. The three winners will be notified by the school email address provided by February 28, 2022 and the funds will be distributed directly to the institution they attend.
Source:indiaeducationdiary.in, 27/01/22
“When we look at a chair, we see the wood, but we fail to observe the tree, the forest, the carpenter, or our own mind. When we meditate on it, we can see the entire universe in all its inter-woven and interdependent relations in the chair.”
— Thich Nhat Hanh
Am I capable of invoking Thich Nhat Hanh —the Buddhist monk, who died on January 22, and whose engaged religiosity sought to illumine our consciousness, and inspire us to live with mindfulness and the art of deep listening? I ask this question because I often fear that the age we live in — techno-capitalism with its unlimited greed, militant nationalism with its inherent brute instincts — has made me incapable of living with love, peace and meditative calmness. I never visited Plum Village in France — the illuminating space that used to attract many modernists so that they could heal their wounded selves through his lessons of wisdom. However, over the years, Thich Nhat Hanh’s books became my intimate companions. Neither Rene Descartes nor Karl Marx, neither Sigmund Freud nor Jean Paul Sartre could deprive me of the joy of his books. I forgot the “methodology” of social sciences, and I began to sing with him:
Breathing in, I know I am alive. Breathing out, I smile at life. Just sitting there and enjoying our in-breath and out-breath is already happiness. We are alive, and that is worthy of celebration.
This celebration does by no means indicate that we remain indifferent to the world — the violent world with hunger, malnutrition, war and terrorism. It would not be wrong to say that the monk who felt and experienced the violence of the Vietnam War gave us the lessons of engaged Buddhism — the quest for ending violence and moving towards a compassionate world. He was truly an apostle of peace. Was it, therefore, surprising that he always pleaded for mindful and compassionate listening? We must understand that most of us — mighty nation-states, or we with our inflated egos— have lost this art of communion and empathy. However, we should not forget that “the intention of deep listening and loving speech is to restore communication”; and once communication is restored “everything is possible, including peace and reconciliation”. Amid suicide bombers and carpet bombing, he could remind us that the foreign policy of the US is often characterised by the “lack of deep listening”. No wonder, he could say: “If I were given the opportunity to be face to face with Osama bin Laden, I would try to understand all the suffering that had led him to violence.” After all, peace is impossible without the redemptive power of love and communication. We cannot negate this truth simply because our army generals, foreign policy experts, security strategists and politicians do not understand it.
Thich Nhat Hanh was a great teacher. With the rhythmic flow of his enchanting words and art of using metaphor, he could make us understand the meaning of living with the realisation of “interbeing”. Nothing is discrete and insulated; everything is connected. For instance, the chair on which I am sitting is made of all “non-chair elements”; in a way, “the chair has no boundaries, no beginning, and no end”. With the realisation of the “interdependent nature of all things”, we could possibly overcome the violence implicit in our alienated, disenchanted and fragmented existence. Even though I live in a world that normalises violence, and separates one from others, I allow myself to be possessed by his prophetic wisdom. “If someday I have to kill a caterpillar”, I too might feel, “something of ourselves dies with the caterpillar”.
It is true that the discourse of scientism and secularism has not succeeded in eliminating religion from the world. At the same time, we also know the discontents of the politics of religion — the way even today the non-reflexive priests of organised religions perpetuate all sorts of obnoxious practices; or the way, the gross emotions are often used by the alliance of spiritually impoverished fundamentalists and militant nationalists. Furthermore, in the age of instantaneity and consumption, we are also aware of the proliferation of all sorts of “self- help books”. From life coaches to new-age gurus, the neoliberal industry is continually selling instant capsules of “enlightenment”. However, this critical consciousness, for me, is not cynicism. Even in a desert, the flower, I believe, still blooms; and Thich Nhat Hanh was like this flower. With him, I too could echo with Walt Whitman, and sing: “I am large, I contain multitudes”; and I could also understand why even physicist David Bohm could say that “science must start from the wholeness of the implicate order to be able to see the real nature of each phenomenon”.
As I write this piece, I begin to contemplate on the title of one of his books, Present Moment, Wonderful Moment. We know that we miss the moment. While the trauma of the past haunts us, the worry of the future causes stress. When we do not live “here and now”, or when we miss this very moment, how can it be wonderful? But Thich Nhat Hanh reminded us of the “miracle of mindfulness”. Amid the tyranny of the clock time and calculation of “productivity”, my restless soul is healed by his wisdom: “Don’t drink your tea like someone who gulps down a cup of coffee during a work break. Drink your tea slowly and reverently, as if it is the axis on which the whole earth revolves — slowly, evenly, without rushing toward the future.”
Yes, the monk has only changed his form: From a flowing river to floating monsoon clouds.
Written by Avijit Pathak
The writer taught sociology at JNU
Source: Indian Express, 27/01/22
“One man’s word is no man’s word; we should quietly hear both sides.” —Goethe
When all is said and done, reality is not made of laws and data, but the actual experiences of human beings. Real-life stories of women surfacing from time to time in our republic reveal how despite constitutional guarantees of equality, the state has seldom, if ever, intervened systematically to ensure that women are treated equally. We have a very progressive Constitution on paper. Article 14 guarantees equality before law to all the country’s citizens. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on various grounds, including religion, caste, race and gender. Article 16 provides for equality of opportunity and equal pay for equal work to all in matters of public employment. But our laws have never seriously improved the unequal terms of male entitlement over women’s labour and/or their bodies.
Some 200 years ago, the eccentric Raja Gangadhar of Jhansi had understood that if there is one universally accepted symbol of powerlessness, it is a woman. When asked by the British resident why he dressed in women’s attire every few days, he replied that the British sarkar had effectively emasculated all native princes by divesting them of their power as regents. The British alone were men and erstwhile native rulers had been forced to wear bangles, he said. (Maaza Pravas by Vishnu Bhatt Godshe).
From Raja Gangadhar’s point of view, law combines coercion with authority. In our time, one of the country’s sharpest legal minds, Justice Leila Seth, raises the same point. In Talking of Justice: People’s Rights in Modern India, she asks: “What at root is justice? When I speak to children about the Preamble to our Constitution, I explain justice as being fair. But how can one be fair if the laws are not adequate and the interpreters of the law not sensitive?”
Let’s talk of concrete instances. Last year, an interim order was passed by the Supreme Court allowing eligible women to appear for the entrance exam of the National Defence Academy (NDA) and the Naval Academy conducted by the UPSC. The Government of India said that the implementation of the court’s order in 2021 may be difficult. A year later, on January 18, the court revisited the subject and asked the state to explain why of the 1,002 women who had cleared the entrance test in 2021, only 19 women had been admitted to the prestigious NDA in 2022?
The usual approach taken by Indian men in authority towards working women remains protectionist at best and severely critical at worst. A cringe-worthy example of sexism is a recent comment by the health minister of Karnataka, who rued that too many women in India are westernised and wish to stay single. Even if they do get married, they refuse to “give birth”, preferring surrogacy, he said.
This mindset repeatedly surfaces in electoral politics too. When it comes to ticket distribution, women — even those with a record of winning elections — must remain at the mercy of party bosses, mostly male. This is justified by pointing out biological factors — family responsibilities, child-bearing, etc. In UP, for instance, a sitting woman MLA is being challenged in her own constituency by her husband, a party post holder, for a ticket. An MLA’s daughter, who had married against her father’s wishes, has moved the High Court to ask for police protection for her husband and herself, and later released a video requesting her father to recall his goons who had roughed them up outside the court.
As party workers, men have a clearly articulated agency for change and decision-making when tickets are distributed or portfolios are assigned. Women, by and large, remain abstractions with abstract rights and are deemed suitable mostly for the reserved categories men cannot fill. Even pro-women intervention by the state is made without seeking female opinion, though steps such as Ujjwala Yojana, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and Jan Dhan Yojana are all glibly defined as a compassionate means for the “empowerment” of women. On addressing women’s actual debasement by rape, pornography, and sex discrimination, factors that eat into their sociopolitical status, the state remains schizoid.
Since the Justice Verma committee’s tweaking of the older rape laws, our judiciary has begun accepting a supposed distinction between sex and gender. But when the matter of female sexuality is discussed and adjudicated upon, women are seldom seen as having an agency of their own. If a menstruating woman enters a temple or a married woman denies her husband consent to have sex, their defiance becomes not a question to be debated under equality laws but as social questions, and are finally adjudicated upon not as a question of basic rights of a citizen but as a part of a certain social structure.
The Indian state has, so far, not fully confronted the relationship between state and society. The NDA echoes its bitter rival, the UPA, in the matter of keeping the bedroom out of bounds for India’s rape laws. It stated (in an affidavit to the Delhi High Court): “What may appear to be marital rape” to a wife “may not appear so to others”. And, that criminalising marital rape may “destabilise the institution of marriage apart from being an easy tool for harassing husbands.”
The point to note is that whether in a bedroom or in a cave, in a woman’s experience, a rape is a rape. What married men want from their wives may not always automatically be what wives also want from husbands. Why must the state, instead of protecting a woman’s sexuality from forced violation and expropriation, continue to present or treat her merely as family property when a crime is committed against her?
If we truly wish to rethink the republic as one in which women really matter, we need to move beyond reflections about family relationships. The state needs to take the first step towards examining women’s actual experienced reality in contexts of unequal pay, allocation of inferior work (compare numbers of men in the formal sector to women), and denial of rights over their minds and bodies.
Did we, the women, ever give our consent to be ruled by a toxic brand of masculinity that would treat us as merely a vote bank and/or second-class citizens? We may occasionally be handed crumbs of progressive or revised legislation, but what do they matter? Like the native princes of Raja Gangadhar’s era, in the name of loyalty to the queen or Hindu Rashtra, we are still largely denied our essential status as independent and equal citizens. A feminist theory of state has barely been shaped much less articulated. But, as Ralph Waldo Emerson said, every reform was once an opinion.
Written by Mrinal Pande
Source: Indian Express, 26/01/22
“A man is great by deeds, not by birth.”
Chanakya
“व्यक्ति कर्मों से महान बनता है, जन्म से नहीं।”
चाणक्य
The Cornell Council for the Arts (CCA) seeks proposals from faculty and students for artwork, performances, music and design that fit within the 2022 Cornell Biennial theme, “Futurities, Uncertain.”
The purpose of the Biennial, started in 2014, is to showcase art from the Cornell community, especially cross-disciplinary works. Chosen applicants will receive up to $8,000 in grant funding and the opportunity to display their finished work on campus later this year. The deadline for applications is Jan. 28.
This year’s theme centers around the future – specifically justice in society, community, ecology and the biosphere – as well as technology across the imaginary, the natural, the built, the cultural and the political. It is a space for artists to challenge the status quo of what the future might look like and to come up with creative solutions for global problems.
Timothy Murray, director of CCA and curator of the Cornell Biennial, said the uncertainty of the pandemic is part of the inspiration behind the theme.
“One of the things we want to do is offer artists an opportunity to think about futurity in the context of current uncertainties,” Murray said. “The artistic process and the imaginative process might offer avenues of thinking or expression outside of the norm.”
The theme asks artists to respond creatively to future demands such as erosion, war, extinction, racial oppression, digital obsolescence and cultural terrorism.
“We want to give our artists the opportunity to exhibit the multiplicity of global approaches to the main pressure points of the Biennial,” Murray said, “in a way that might help us think beyond, let’s say, dominant colonial visions of artistic expression.”
The Biennial has grown each year since its inception, Murray said; the grant committee usually gives out between eight and 12 awards.
Most of the winners’ art will be available for viewing on campus from August to November as traditional exhibitions; video projections and installations; outdoor installations; musical performances; and other forms. Since 2020 Biennial in-person activities were cancelled due to the pandemic, some winners from the last round will also be featured this year.
Additionally, CCA has recently announced a list of professional artists from around the world who will display their work relating to the Biennial theme this year on campus.
Visit the CCA website for more information or to apply.
Source: indiaeducationdiary.in, 24/01/22
Abide with Me is a Christian hymn. It was created by Henry Francis Lyte. It is a prayer where the speaker asks the god to stay with him throughout his life and also after death.
Lyte wrote the hymn because he was dying of tuberculosis. It is sung to the tune Eventide. Lyte wrote the hymn in 1820. He visited a dying friend. His friend continuously said these words, “Abide with me”. This created a deep impact in his heart. And the impact came out as the hymn. While writing the hymn, Lyte himself was dying. He kept the hymn to himself. The hymn was first sung at his funeral.
The “Abide with me” hymn is usually sung during the Republic Day parade. It is the last song to be sung before the troops finish their parade. It is sung just before Saare Jahan se achha. The Government of India has decided to drop out this hymn. The hymn is being replaced by “Aye Mere Watan Ke Logon” by Kavi Pradeep. It was sung by Lata Mangeshkar and was composed by C Ramachandra in 1963. It was created in the wake of Sino – Indian war.
The Modi government wanted to replace the hymn in 2020. But, the hymn was played due to increasing criticisms. The Modi Government wants to drop out the hymn because it creates a sobre moment.
The hymn was played during the wedding ceremony of Queen Elizabeth. Also, it was played by the musicians when Titanic was sinking. During first world war, the British nurse Edith Cavell sang the hymn to the wounded soldiers. She was shot by the German squads for helping the British soldiers to escape from Belgium. Apart from England, the hymn is sung during official ceremonies of Australia and New Zealand.
It is one of the favourite hymn of Mahatma Gandhi. It was sung in Sabarmati Ashram. It was the only cross religion hymn to be sung in the Ashram.
The Channa Billauri tone has been included. It is a folk piece. It was sung by Beena Tiwari. It is about a girl asking her father not to marry her in a village Channa Billauri. Also, the Kumaoni tune of Uttarakhand has been included.
It is being followed in England since 17th century. During the ceremony, the patrolling units are recalled to the castle.
Over the years, countless studies have documented the harmful effects that smoking can have on one’s health. But new research suggests that the threats posed by smoking can have consequences which are more far-reaching and long-term than one could have ever imagined, with the health hazards likely to be passed on to the next few generations.
In other words, people’s smoking habits can have harmful effects not just on themselves, but also on their grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
These are the findings of a study called ‘Children of the 90s’, which was carried out at the University of Bristol in the UK. The results of the recent study were published in the journal Scientific Reports last week.
The ‘Children of the 90s’ project
As a part of the project, researchers have over a period of about 30 years collected 1.5 million samples, including participants’ blood, urine, placenta, teeth, hair and nails. The aim was to assess the environment and genetic factors that affect an individual’s health and development.
About 2,200 papers have been published using data collected due to the project. Some insights have been fascinating, such as the finding that the lines on a baby’s teeth can help determine their risk of developing depression, or how watching TV is linked to an increased risk of asthma.
Some of the findings are intriguing to say the least—for instance, the study states, what you eat as a three-year-old can affect school performance many years later, and anxious pregnant women are more likely to have asthmatic children among a variety of other linkages.
Even so, not everything is connected in a cause-and-effect manner all the time. For instance, a 2013 study of 4,000 pairs of mothers and children showed that maternal Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy was not associated with the child’s bone health.
The crux of the recent study
The results of this recent study show that the ill-effects of smoking are not limited to an individual’s personal health, but can show up in their offspring as well. Only grandfathers and great-grandfathers were involved since very few grandmothers and great-grandmothers claimed to smoke before puberty.
A crucial finding of this study is that those women, whose paternal grandfathers and great-grandfathers began smoking before puberty, reported the presence of increased body fat.
Specifically, higher body fat was noticed in women whose grandfathers and great-grandfathers had started smoking before the age of 13 years compared to those whose ancestors started smoking later (between 13-16 years of age).
What’s baffling about these observations is that the increased body fat was found only in granddaughters and great-granddaughters. No effects were seen in the grandsons or great-grandsons.
Explaining the findings
A possible explanation is that the pre-puberty smokers had some other features, such as hereditary predisposition to obesity, that might explain why their offspring had excess amounts of body fat. But this does not offer a complete picture as the authors have themselves noted that those who smoke regularly tend to have a lower risk of obesity.
Only further research and investigation into the transgenerational effects of ancestral exposure can throw more light.
For now, there are many unanswered questions, including the linkages between effects of the habits of a person’s paternal side of the ancestors. Another question is why a similar outcome was not seen in the male offspring.
If these observations hold up in other cohorts of participants, perhaps the ubiquitous advisory “Smoking is injurious to health” will be inadequate—a possible addendum that can follow is: “Smoking is also injurious to your offspring’s health”.
Findings of other smoking-related studies under the project
A study from 2013 showed that children as young as seven years old had elevated levels of cotinine—which is a by-product of nicotine—in their blood if their mother smoked. This was seen particularly in those children whose mothers smoked 10 cigarettes a day.
One study from 2014 shows that men who started smoking before the age of 11 had sons who on an average had about 5-10 kg more body fat than their peers.
A 2017 study showed that if a woman’s maternal grandmother smoked during pregnancy, she was 67 per cent more likely to display certain traits linked to autism, such as poor social communication skills and repetitive behaviours.
A study from May 2021 had a more obvious result associating smoking during pregnancy to a child’s risk of developing congenital heart disease.
Source: Indian Express, 24/01/22
“Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names.”
John F. Kennedy
“अपने दुश्मनों को माफ कर दें, लेकिन उनके नाम कभी न भूलें।”
जॉन एफ कैने
Mumbai : Reliance Foundation Scholarships, a pioneering initiative to nurture India’s potential technology leaders of tomorrow, is now open for applications. Reliance Foundation will identify and support 100 of India’s brightest undergraduate and postgraduate students with a generous grant award and a strong development programme that will nurture their skills to innovate for social good. The Reliance Foundation Scholars will be poised to lead and be at the forefront of India’s technological growth.
First-year undergraduate and postgraduate students from institutes across India pursuing degree programmes in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Sciences, Mathematics and Computing, and Electrical and/or Electronics Engineering are eligible to apply. Reliance Foundation will also nurture and support these bright scholars with an exceptional holistic development programme, including expert interactions, industry exposure and volunteering opportunities creating a cohort of excellence, every year. There is no entry fee to apply.
Through the Reliance Foundation Scholarships, up to 60 undergraduate students will receive a grant of up to Rs. 4 Lakh each, while up to 40 postgraduate students will be awarded up to Rs. 6 Lakh each for the duration of their degree. This makes it one of the largest scholarship programmes in award value, by a corporate foundation aimed at supporting students towards technology for social good. Students will, in addition, gain valuable opportunities to interact with leading global experts, apply for mentoring, internships, volunteering, a strong alumni network and more.
In 2021, 76 first year undergraduate and postgraduate students were awarded the first Reliance Foundation Scholarships in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Sciences. The Reliance Foundation Scholars are enrolled full-time in selected eligible degrees across 21 of the country’s top science and engineering institutes, representing 14 states across India. This first cohort of scholars has already participated in several professionally enhancing sessions with industry experts.
Reliance Foundation Scholarships will identify and select the brightest students in India through a rigorous and competitive selection process, which includes an online application and interviews with a panel of leading Indian and international experts. The scholarships will be awarded on the basis of merit and applicants from across all socio-economic backgrounds are encouraged to apply.
The scholarships are part of Reliance Foundation’s ongoing focus to develop and improve access to world class education from early childhood to higher studies. The Reliance Foundation Schools provide quality education to 14,000 students a year, while the Dhirubhai Ambani Scholarships have provided over 12,500 scholarships since 1996, on a merit-cum-means basis for students to pursue higher education. The Jio Institute is poised to be a world-class multi-disciplinary higher education and research institution. Education is at the core of Reliance Foundation’s work, with the belief that developing and empowering young leaders of tomorrow with skills, knowledge and opportunities will build a stronger India.
More about Reliance Foundation Scholarships here:
https://www.scholarships.reliancefoundation.org/
Source:indiaeducationdiary.in, 20/01/22