“Cherish all your happy moments: they make a fine cushion for old age.”
Christopher Morley
“अपनी खुशियों के प्रत्येक क्षण का आनन्द लें; ये वृद्धावस्था के लिए अच्छा सहारा साबित होते हैं।”
क्रिस्टोफर मोर्ले
Monday, June 26, 2023
Current Affairs- June 22, 2023
INDIA
- Two-day G20 Labour Engagement Group meeting begins in Patna, Bihar.
- A record was achieved in the United Nations Headquarters by setting a Guinness World Record for participation by the maximum number of nationalities in the Yoga session.
- 2,250 Child adoption orders issued across the country after Amended Juvenile Justice Act came into force.
- North India’s first Skin Bank inaugurated at New Delhi’s Safdarjung Hospital.
- National Medical Commission (NMC) has brought in changes in the undergraduate medical curriculum.
- 16 tigers were dead in Uttarakhand since January
- Odisha Cabinet approves increase of outlay for Puri’s development by ₹1,000 crore.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
- World Bank is set to pause loan repayments by disaster-hit nations.
- India’s rising imports of Russian oil hit a record high of about 1.95 million barrels per day (bpd) in May.
- India unable to fill 30% of cybersecurity jobs due to skill gap.
WORLD
- India climbs eight places to 127 in global gender index: WEF report.
- St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF): Putin seeks alternative partnerships.
- U.S. bombers land in Sweden for training exercises for first time.
SPORTS
- Taipei Open: HS Prannoy to face Tommy Sugiarto for spot in Men’s Singles quarterfinal
- Sunil Chhetri hat-trick powered India to 4-0 victory over Pakistan in its SAFF Championship opener.
- Venus Williams has been awarded a wildcard for next month’s Wimbledon championships.
Current Affairs-June 23, 2023
INDIA
- India and US identify around 25 areas of technology for partnership.
- Ladakh holds UT-level Science, Mathematics and Environment exhibition-2023, organized by DIET.
- US to open two new consulates in India – Ahmedabad and Bengaluru.
- Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy virtually inaugurates three industrial units in the state.
- L&T, DRDO sign pact to build two Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System Modules.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted 7.5-carat eco-friendly laboratory-grown diamond to the U.S. First Lady.
- G-20 Education Ministers agree on equitable use of Artificial Intelligence.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
- American chipmaker Micron to invest 825 million dollars to build Chip Assembly and Testing Facility in Gujarat.
- Monetary Policy Committee stresses need for inflation vigil.
- Indians’ funds in Swiss banks slid 11% to ₹30,000 crores in 2022.
WORLD
- All five people killed aboard submersible “Titan,” on exploration dive to wreckage of Titanic.
- ‘Summit for New Global Financing Pact’ commenced in Paris, France.
- Dhaka remains 7th in least liveable city in world, reveals EIU Global Liveability Index 2023.
- U.S. approves deal aimed at deepening economic relations with Taiwan, trade deal despite Chinese ire
SPORTS
- Uttar Pradesh unveils first ticket for first race of world’s fastest motor bike race ‘Moto GP’ 2023.
- Indian contingent passes 50-medal mark at Special Olympics World Games in Berlin.
Nutraceutical Properties of Joha Rice
Joha rice, a variety cultivated in the Northeastern region of India, has gained attention for its distinct aroma and notable taste. Beyond its sensory appeal, Joha rice has been traditionally associated with health benefits, including a low incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, scientists at the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) have conducted research to explore the nutraceutical properties of this unique grain.
Unveiling Joha Rice’s Nutraceutical Potential
Researchers at the IASST have made significant strides in unraveling the nutraceutical properties of Joha rice. Through their studies, they identified two essential fatty acids: linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic acid (omega-3). These fatty acids, which are not produced by the human body, play a vital role in maintaining various physiological conditions. Notably, omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to the prevention of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
Balanced Ratio and Patented Rice Bran Oil
The scientists discovered that scented Joha rice exhibits a more balanced ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 essential fatty acids compared to the widely consumed non-scented variety. This finding suggests that the scented variety may offer enhanced nutritional benefits. Building upon this, the scientists utilized Joha rice to create a patented rice bran oil, which has demonstrated efficacy in the management of diabetes.
Antioxidants and Bioactive Compounds
Joha rice is not only rich in essential fatty acids but also contains a range of beneficial compounds. It boasts antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenolics, which contribute to its potential health advantages. Among the identified bioactive compounds present in Joha rice are oryzanol, ferulic acid, tocotrienol, caffeic acid, catechuic acid, gallic acid, and tricin. These compounds have been associated with antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and cardio-protective effects.
Top 10 technology to learn for significant professional growth in 2023
Technology is constantly evolving and has become an integral part of our daily lives. As we move into 2023, it is no secret that technology is changing the way we live, work and interact with one another. With technological advancements occurring at a rapid pace, it can be difficult to keep up with the latest trends. However, staying informed and up to date with them can be a huge advantage, especially when it comes to career growth.
Here are 10 booming technologies that are expected to drive significant professional growth in 2023.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)
These are two of the fastest-growing technologies today. AI involves the creation of intelligent machines that can work and think like humans, while ML involves the use of algorithms to help machines learn from data and improve their performance over time. With these technologies, machines now have become capable of performing tasks that previously required human intelligence and decision-making.
The use of AI and ML is becoming increasingly popular in various industries, including finance, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing. Companies are now looking for professionals who can help them integrate AI and ML into their processes to increase efficiency and productivity.
Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT refers to a network of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other and exchange data in real-time. This technology has revolutionized the way we live and work, and it is expected to have an even greater impact in the coming years, especially in industries like healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation.
And as it continues to grow, there will be an increasing need for professionals who can develop and maintain these systems. Jobs such as IoT developers, network architects, and data analysts will be in high demand in the coming years.
Blockchain
This technology has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its ability to provide secure and decentralized record-keeping. Blockchain is being used in a variety of industries, including finance, healthcare, and logistics.
And as it continues to grow, it is expected that there will be an increasing need for professionals who can develop and implement this technology. Jobs such as blockchain developers, security analysts, and project managers could be in demand in times to come.
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important as we continue to rely on technology to conduct our daily lives. With the rise of cyber threats, companies are now looking for professionals who can help protect their systems and data from cyber-attacks. Therefore cybersecurity jobs such as security analysts, network security engineers, and ethical hackers will be great career choices for professionals in the coming years.
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing has been a game changer for businesses, allowing them to store and access data from anywhere in the world. This technology has revolutionized the way we work and is being leveraged by various companies across healthcare, finance, and e-commerce.
Therefore jobs such as cloud architects, cloud engineers, and cloud security specialists are expected to witness an uptick in the coming years.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)
Although in their infancy, both these technologies have the potential to change our perception of the world around us. AR involves the overlay of digital information onto the real world, while VR involves the creation of a completely immersive digital environment.
These technologies are being used in a variety of industries, including gaming, education, and healthcare with high degrees of success. Therefore from a career perspective, jobs like AR/VR developers, UX designers, and 3D artists will prove to be a good investment.
Data Science and Analytics
Data Science and Analytics are two fields that are becoming increasingly important as companies strive to make data-driven decisions. Data Science involves the extraction of insights from data, while Analytics involves the use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze data and make predictions.
As companies continue to collect vast amounts of data, there will be an increasing need for professionals who can extract insights from this data. From an employee point of view investing time and effort in profiles such as data scientists, data analysts, and data engineers will prove beneficial in coming years.
Robotics and Automation
Robotics and Automation have had a large-scale impact on the manufacturing and logistics sectors. These technologies not only allow machines to perform tasks that would otherwise require human intervention but also allow for the use of software to automate repetitive tasks.
Quantum Computing
Quantum Computing is a technology still in its early stages, but it has the potential to revolutionize how we process and store data. It basically involves the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform computations. And given its vast growth potential, there is expected to be an increasing need for professionals in the future who can develop and implement this technology.
5G Technology
5G Technology is the latest generation of cellular networks, offering faster speeds, lower latency, and increased capacity. By enabling the development of new applications and services, 5G is expected to revolutionize the way we interact with the world around us.
Staying up to date with the latest trends and technologies can be a huge advantage, especially when it comes to career growth. Whether you are a seasoned professional or just starting out, investing in developing skills in some of these areas can help you stay ahead of the curve and secure a successful career in the tech industry.
Gaurv Bhatia
Source: The Telegraph, 27/05/23
A land in trouble
An overview of Manipur's three-way ethnic conflict between Meitei, Naga and Kuki groups, which started since the era of British rule and the Anglo-Kuki war of 1917-19 during World War I
One regularly sees headlines describing the clashes in Manipur as ‘attacks on Christians’ because more than 100 churches and some temples have been attacked. That gives a communal colour to what is a decades-old ethnic conflict resulting from complex ethnic relations and land management systems of Manipur. The state has three main ethnic families — the predominantly Christian Naga and Kuki tribals and the mostly Hindu, non-tribal Meitei who form 53% of the 2.86 million population (2011 census) living on 10% of Manipur’s land in the valley. The tribes comprise 40% of the population living on 90% of the land in the hills. However, tribal land includes most forests that are 67% of the state’s landmass. The Meiteis complain that they cannot own land in the hill areas while tribals can own land in the valley; they thus call this arrangement unjust. The tribes rebut by saying that the Meiteis monopolise jobs as well as economic and political power in the state and that they cannot claim land over and above of what they have. In reality, some poor Meitei families live in the hills and some well-off tribal families live in the valley. The valley-based leaders do not necessarily represent the poor but land remains central to this conflict.
Legal measures have been attempted to change the nature of land-ownership in the hills. The tribes have resisted these attempts. They have been demanding the Sixth Schedule and have been granted some concessions under Article 371C. The conflict has continued, but till now it had taken the form of highway blockades, strikes and shutdowns. Moreover, it is a three-way conflict. The Nagas and the Kukis join hands to oppose moves of the State that they perceive to be pro-Meitei but they, too, have a conflict centred on land. During World War I, the Kukis refused to go to Europe as porters for the British army; the British army then attacked them. After the defeat of the Kukis in the Anglo-Kuki war of 1917-19, the British regime evicted them from their land, dispersed them all over the Northeast, and justified its actions by creating the myth that the Kukis were nomads who went around occupying land belonging to other tribes. Most people accept that myth today and treat Kukis as refugees with no right over land. The refusal of other communities to recognise the Kukis’ rights over land further complicates ethnic relations.
Some Meitei leaders decided recently that the only way of gaining access to tribal land was to include their community in the tribal schedule. They approached the Manipur High Court with a plea to act on this demand. A single bench judge ordered the government of Manipur to consider recommending tribal status for the Meitei to the Union government. On April 26, the state government used a 1966 boundary notification to evict some Kuki families in Churachandpur district from their land on the plea that it was forest land. For good measure, it added that the Kukis were growing poppy; they do so, but only as bit players. The State has not touched the masterminds. These events combined to light the fuse. The violence began on May 3 when the joint Naga-Kuki demonstration against the high court judgment was attacked. The Supreme Court has since reprimanded the Manipur High Court. But the damage had been done.
Three features distinguish the present conflict from past ones. First, although the Nagas and the Kukis joined hands to oppose the move on tribal status for Meiteis, the Kukis were singled out for attacks. Attempts seem to have been made to provoke the Nagas and turn it into a Naga-Kuki conflict but they failed. Second, for the first time, religious places were attacked in order to give the conflict a communal turn. Third, eyewitness accounts state that gangs of young men came on motorbikes from Imphal to places around 50 kilometres away to attack churches. Unfounded rumours were spread that some Meitei women had been raped in Churachandpur to justify the raping of Kuki women in retaliation.
One would be justified in concluding from these events that the conflict was well-planned, funded, and executed with precision by people in power. In most cases, the security forces remained mute spectators. Significantly, the chief of the defence staff has stated that Kuki militants were not involved in the conflict. But if the situation continues, it can encourage the militants to intervene. For many years, civil society organisations of all three communities have attempted to facilitate dialogue among the ethnic groups. But they have been sidelined in the last few years. Violent groups have taken their place and seem to play a major role in intensifying ethnic divisions. There evidently is a link among the court case, evictions, the conflict, and the break-up of dialogue.
There are, however, some signs of hope. Not all Meiteis are involved in the conflict. Many of their leaders and thinkers have come out against it. Houses of some of them have been attacked in retaliation and they are in hiding. In Churachandpur, when some Kuki men were planning to attack Meiteis, Kuki women formed a human chain to prevent these attacks. In neighbouring Moirang, Meitei parents and students stood near the gate of a Jesuit school to prevent attacks on it by an armed group. These are among many instances that suggest that a beginning can be made towards reconciliation. Even as the organisers of the conflict tried to turn the Nagas against the Kukis, a few Naga outfits and some political leaders based in Nagaland visited Kuki villages with relief material to express their solidarity with them. The chief minister of Nagaland sent a massive consignment of relief to the Kuki-majority Kangpokpi district. Naga outfits based in Manipur are yet to show similar solidarity with the Kukis but they have not opposed them. These actions offer the ray of hope that the Nagas and the Kukis can be brought together and, then, bridges can be built by beginning a dialogue with the Meiteis.
Walter Fernandes is Director, North Eastern Social Research Centre, Guwahati
Source: The Telegraph, 25/06/23
Monday, June 19, 2023
Quote of the Day June 19, 2023
“Courage and perseverance have a magical talisman, before which difficulties disappear and obstacles vanish into air.”
John Quincy Adams
“साहस और दृढ़ निश्चय जादुई तावीज़ हैं जिनके आगे कठिनाईयां दूर हो जाती हैं और बाधाएं उड़न-छू हो जाती है।”
जॉन क्विंसी एडम्स
VAIBHAV Fellowship Programme
The Government of India has launched a fellowship program known as VAIBHAV (Vaishvik Bhartiya Vaigyanik) to foster collaboration and knowledge-sharing between the Indian diaspora scientists and academic institutions in India. Under the Ministry of Science and Technology, this initiative aims to harness the expertise of scientists and technologists of Indian origin residing abroad and promote collaborative research in frontier areas of Science and Technology.
Connecting Global Indian Scientists
The VAIBHAV fellowship program targets scientists and technologists of Indian origin, including NRI (Non-Resident Indians), OCI (Overseas Citizen of India), and PIO (Person of Indian Origin) engaged in research activities in their respective countries. The program seeks to bridge the gap between the Indian diaspora and Indian academic and R&D institutions.
Knowledge Verticals and Collaboration
The selected fellows, totaling 75 in number, will have the opportunity to work in 18 identified knowledge verticals, including quantum technology, health, pharma, electronics, agriculture, energy, computer sciences, and material sciences. These areas represent cutting-edge fields where collaboration can lead to groundbreaking advancements.
Duration and Fellowship Benefits
A VAIBHAV fellow can spend up to two months in India each year for a maximum duration of three years. The fellowship comes with a comprehensive grant that covers various expenses. This includes a fellowship grant of Rs 4,00,000 per month, support for international and domestic travel, accommodation, and contingencies. The generous fellowship package ensures that the fellows can focus on their research and contribute to the academic and scientific ecosystem in India.
Application and Deadline
Applicants can access the proposal formats and submit their applications through the e-PMS (e-Project Management System) portal of the Department of Science and Technology (DST). The deadline for submitting applications for the first call of VAIBHAV fellowships is July 31, 2023. It is important for interested scientists and technologists to adhere to this timeline to be considered for this prestigious opportunity.
Promoting Science, Research, and Innovation
The VAIBHAV fellowship program aligns with the Government of India’s commitment to promote science, research, and innovation. Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized the significance of science in driving socio-economic transformations. The program serves as a platform to bring together diverse expertise, foster collaboration, and leverage the knowledge and wisdom of the global Indian scientific community.
GoI-UNSDCF 2023-2027
The Government of India (GoI) and the United Nations (UN) have joined hands to strengthen their commitment towards sustainable development. A significant milestone was achieved with the signing of the Government of India – United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (GoI-UNSDCF) 2023-2027. This partnership aims to accelerate progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), promote gender equality, empower youth, and uphold human rights.
Objectives and Pillars of the GoI-UNSDCF
The primary objective of the GoI-UNSDCF 2023-2027 is to align with the national vision for development and contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. The framework is built upon four strategic pillars: People, Prosperity, Planet, and Participation. These pillars are interlinked and represent the key areas of focus for sustainable development.
Outcome Areas and Focus
Within the GoI-UNSDCF, six outcome areas have been identified to guide the efforts towards sustainable development. These areas include Health and Well-being, Nutrition and Food Security, Quality Education, Economic Growth and Decent Work, Environment, Climate, WASH, and Resilience, as well as Empowering People, Communities, and Institutions.
A notable aspect of the GoI-UNSDCF is its specific focus on SDG localization and South-South cooperation. This emphasizes India’s leadership in implementing and accelerating the SDGs within its own territory while championing collaboration and knowledge sharing among developing nations.
Implementation and Monitoring
The formulation of the GoI-UNSDCF was led by NITI Aayog, with active participation from line ministries, state governments, union territories, and the UN development system in India. The implementation, monitoring, and reporting of the framework will be co-led by the Government of India and the United Nations through a Joint Steering Committee. This collaborative approach ensures comprehensive oversight and effective coordination to achieve the desired outcomes.
India’s Vision and Global Impact
Over the next 25 years, India envisions a transformed nation, referred to as ‘Viksit Bharat,’ aligned with the clarion call of the Hon’ble Prime Minister. The GoI-UNSDCF plays a crucial role in realizing this vision, ensuring that no one is left behind, and leveraging the potential of India’s vast and diverse demography.
Expert Advice: Top 10 preparation strategies to ace UPSC Examination
Clearing the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) exam is a challenging feat that requires dedication, perseverance, and a strong mental resolve. As one of the toughest competitive exams in India, the immense competition, vast syllabus, and rigorous preparation required for the UPSC exam can take a toll on the mental and emotional well-being of candidates. However, with the right coping mechanisms and effective strategies, you can navigate through the UPSC journey with confidence and increase your chances of success. In this article, we will discuss how to cope with the stress of clearing UPSC and provide you with valuable strategies to ace the exam.
1. Understand the exam
The first step to cope with the stress of clearing UPSC is to have a thorough understanding of the exam. Familiarize yourself with the exam pattern, syllabus, and marking scheme. It will help you create a structured study plan and alleviate uncertainties about the exam.
2. Develop a study schedule
Time management is crucial when preparing for UPSC. So, create a realistic study schedule that allows you to take regular breaks and leisure activities. You should also break down the syllabus into smaller, manageable chunks, and allocate specific time slots for each topic to stay organized, reduce stress, and maintain a healthy work-life balance.
3. Stay positive and motivated
Maintaining a positive mindset is essential throughout your UPSC journey. Aspirants must celebrate small victories, focus on their strengths, and learn from their failures. Furthermore, they should surround themselves with positive affirmations and motivational resources like books, videos, and success stories to keep their spirits high.
4. Join a study group or coaching center
It would be great if candidates join a study group or enroll in a coaching center that can provide them with a structured learning environment and the opportunity to interact with fellow aspirants. Collaborating with like-minded individuals, sharing knowledge, and discussing doubts can enhance their understanding and reduce the feeling of isolation.
5. Take mock tests and analyze the performance
Regularly taking mock tests is a vital part of the UPSC examination preparation. It helps you assess your progress, identify areas of improvement, and familiarize yourself with the exam format. So, every aspirant should analyze their performance in mock tests, work on their weaknesses, and develop effective test-taking strategies accordingly.
6. Stay updated with current affairs
UPSC places significant emphasis on current affairs. Stay updated with the latest national and international news through newspapers, magazines, online portals, and television. Make notes of important events, government policies, and socio-economic issues to incorporate them into your preparation.
7. Focus on conceptual clarity
Understanding concepts thoroughly is more important than rote learning. UPSC tests your analytical and problem-solving abilities rather than mere memorization. Hence, focus on building a strong foundation by studying from reliable sources, referring to standard textbooks, and engaging in critical thinking.
8. Revision and time management in the exam
In the final days leading up to the exam, you should prioritize revision over new topics. Revise key concepts, practice answer writing, and solve previous years' question papers. Develop time management skills to ensure that you complete the exam within the allocated time frame.
9. Seek support from family and friends
Surround yourself with a supportive network of family and friends who understand your aspirations and challenges. Share your concerns, discuss your progress, and seek guidance when needed. Their encouragement and emotional support will help you stay motivated during challenging times.
10. Practice mindfulness and relaxation techniques
Lastly, stress can take a toll on your mental and physical well-being. Practicing mindfulness techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and yoga will help you calm your mind and relax your body. Besides, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a balanced diet also play a vital role in reducing stress levels.
Clearing the UPSC examination requires not only hard work and dedication but also effective strategies to cope with stress. So, by following the above-listed valuable tips, you can overcome the stress and emerge successful. Remember, it's not just about clearing the exam but also enjoying the process and developing skills that will serve you well in your future endeavors.
Sriram Srirangam
Source: The Telegraph, 17/06/23
Widen it: Editorial on the status of mid-day meal programme in West Bengal
Politics remains a persistent concern even though the mid-day meal programme, whose finances are shared by the states and Centre, could have been a platform to strengthen India’s federal ethos
The Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on children’s health and nutrition cannot be overstated. The children of West Bengal have, unsurprisingly, not been an exception. A study conducted two years ago found that the number of children suffering from malnutrition had almost doubled in the state since the pandemic had forced the closure of the Integrated Child Development Services. Even before the pandemic, the rate of stunting among children in Bengal, the National Family Health Survey-5 conducted in 2019-20 found, had risen marginally. The link between nutrition and another crucial sphere — education — needs equal attention. A child can hardly concentrate on studies on an empty stomach. The mid-day meal programme has gone a long way in addressing the problem. A study found that children who were provided school lunches for three to four years scored upto 18% higher in their tests. Therefore, the Bengal administration’s recent decision to include an ‘extra day’ of nutrition in the meals served to children after the summer holidays is laudable. But why is it being implemented in government and government-aided schools in Jangalmahal, Sunderbans and the Dooars only? Bengal has shown that it is capable of inventiveness in welfare. The mandatory inclusion of eggs and a wide assortment of seasonal fruits in the prescribed diet of students — an initiative that was wholly funded from the state’s coffers — bears evidence of this. The state must find ways of widening the coverage of an extra day’s nutrition, a reliable and often the only source of calories and protein for poor children.
Multiple studies have shown that the mid-day meal programme — now rechristened the PM Poshan scheme — has been able to address classroom hunger, improve children’s concentration on the lessons, and lead to higher enrolment. And, yet, the initiative is hobbled by a number of problems. Central allocation has fallen to Rs 11,600 crores in 2023-24 from Rs 12,800 crores in 2022-23. There is an urgent need to raise the allocation keeping in mind the spectre of inflation that makes it impossible to feed the children nutritious food at the current miserly rates. Corruption remains an endemic challenge: the Union ministry of education recently found “serious discrepancies” in Bengal’s midday meal data. The salaries of anganwadi staff are low: even this pittance is not distributed on time. Politics remains a persistent concern even though the mid-day meal programme, whose finances are shared by the states and the Centre, could have been a platform to strengthen India’s federal ethos.
Source: The Telegraph, 19/06/23
Thursday, June 15, 2023
Quote of the Day June 15, 2023
“My formula for living is quite simple. I get up in the morning and I go to bed at night. In between, I occupy myself as best I can.”
Cary Grant
“जिंदगी का मेरा सूत्र बहुत ही सरल है। मैं सुबह जागता हूं तथा रात को सो जाता हूं। इसके बीच में मैं जितना हो सके स्वयं को व्यस्त रखता हूं।”
केरी ग्रांट
UGC Introduces New Degree Nomenclatures
In a move aligned with global norms and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the higher education regulator in India, the University Grants Commission (UGC), is set to introduce a fresh range of college degree names. These changes aim to enhance the flexibility and alignment of degree programs with contemporary educational requirements.
Section 22 of the UGC Act
Section 22 of the UGC Act has the provisions to empower the Universities Grants Commission to notify new degree nomenclatures. It is in line with this provision that the UGC is planning to introduce new names that align with the aspirations of the NEP 2020.
Introducing New Degree Names
Traditionally, Bachelor of Science (BSc) degrees have been associated with science subjects in India, while Bachelor of Arts (BA) degrees have encompassed arts, humanities, and social sciences. However, considering the restructuring proposed by the NEP 2020, a committee appointed by the University Grants Commission (UGC) has recommended the introduction of Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees for all four-year undergraduate honours programs, regardless of the discipline. This change emphasizes a more comprehensive understanding of the evolving academic landscape.
Flexibility Across Disciplines
The committee’s recommendations extend beyond undergraduate programs. They suggest that universities can adopt the Master of Science (MS) nomenclature for postgraduate programs, even in non-science disciplines like arts, humanities, management, and commerce. This move acknowledges the evolving nature of knowledge domains and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in today’s world.
Harvard’s Example and Differentiating Degrees
Harvard University, known for its academic excellence, offers both BA and BS degrees in engineering sciences. The differentiation lies in the curriculum and requirements. A BA engineering student earns fewer credits and has more flexibility to explore other fields of interest, while a BS engineering student receives a more specialized and technically rigorous education. This approach recognizes the diverse aspirations and preferences of students, allowing them to tailor their education accordingly.
Four-Year Honours Degrees and Research
The committee’s recommendations also include the introduction of the ‘Hons’ designation for four-year undergraduate honours programs. For instance, degrees like BA (Hons), BCom (Hons), or BS (Hons) will signify the additional depth and research components incorporated into these programs. This step acknowledges the importance of research-oriented education and promotes a spirit of inquiry among students.
Scrapping the ‘MPhil’ Degree
Aligned with the NEP 2020’s directive, the committee recommends discontinuing the ‘MPhil’ degree. This move aims to streamline the educational landscape and reduce redundancies in academic programs, aligning them with global practices.
Flexibility in Program Completion
Acknowledging the varying pace of learning, the committee suggests that if a student has earned all the required credits for a program before its official duration, they should be eligible for the award of the respective qualification. This recognizes individual progress and encourages lifelong learning.
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