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Monday, November 03, 2014

Economic and Political Weekly: Table of Content


The Broken Middle

 
The violent events of 1984 signify the breakdown of consensual politics and the ideal of composite Indian nationhood. When communal animosity spreads across society, it corrodes the social conscience and (directly or subliminally) produces a genocidal consensus. In the aftermath of 1984 we also witnessed the decay of a reliable criminal justice system, the effects of which are still unfolding. It is time for us to see beyond parties, and pay attention to the functions of communal ideology. The reality today is that extremism is a mainstream phenomenon.

Wound, Waste, History

Rereading 1984
 
Wounds are expected to heal. Our very conception of victims and victimhood is based on this hopeful axiom. But not all wounds heal, some remain in a constant state of decay, degenerate, and ultimately risk turning into waste too. It is this possibility of waste that this article explores. The 1984 violence is one of those historical wounds that has neither faded from public memory nor fully healed. At the heart of this unhealing wound is the question of justice that has long been denied to the victims. The judicial affidavits prepared in early 1985 not only narrate the violence that unfolded systematically, but three decades later testify to the inability of the state apparatus to help heal its wounded citizens.
Editorials
One knows who will suffer if the Narendra Modi government succeeds in weakening MGNREGA.
Editorials
High net worth entities and the banks aiding tax evasion should be the focus of the probe.
Editorials
Shrewd electoral management and a divided opposition help the BJP win in Maharashtra and Haryana.
Commentary
The dominance of Maharashtra's politics by the Congress and the Maratha elite had been weakening since 1995, and the triumph of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party in the assembly elections seems to have finally brought it to an end...
Commentary
The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Campaign) glosses over issues of caste, which is inextricably linked to sanitation work across the country, and the rights of sanitation workers. It incorrectly tries to draw legitimacy from Gandhi’s...
Commentary
One of the main objectives of nationalisation was the elimination of private traders from the kendu leaf trade in order to reduce the exploitation of the pluckers. Unfortunately, things have not changed much for the primary collectors since the...
Commentary
Priests and mediums associated with "healing" folk cults have also been viewed as empowered agents of alternative modernity, and outside the priest's caste or class-based social context. In reality, the healer is often poor, and...
Commentary
In all spheres today, a covert institutionalised racism can be witnessed in the United States, denying the black community access to opportunities and privileges enjoyed by the white majority. The killing of Michael Brown, an unarmed 18-yearold...
Commentary
Adapting Gandhi’s words on non-violence, let us proclaim that development is the first article of our faith, it is also the last article of our creed. Let us hold aloft the banner of development. Development is our birthright. People of...
Book Reviews
Tranquebar: Whose History? Transnational Cultural Heritage in a Former Danish Trading Colony in South India by Helle Jorgensen (New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan), 2014; pp 356, Rs 975. Beyond Tranquebar: Grappling Across Cultural Borders in South...
Book Reviews
Business & Community - The Story of Corporate Social Responsibility in India by Pushpa Sundar (New Delhi: Sage Response), 2013; pp 408, Rs 895.
Book Reviews
The Government of Social Life in Colonial India:Liberalism, Religious Law and Women's Rights by Rachel Sturman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 2012; pp 310, $103.
Book Reviews
Race, Religion and Law in Colonial India: Trials of an Interracial Family by Chandra Mallampalli (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 2011; pp 286, $99.
Review of Women's Studies / Review Issues
Review of Women's Studies / Review Issues
Security experts have argued that women's organisations in north-east India are fragmented, fail to reach out across tribal identities, and lack agency independent of the militants, with whom they have links. This article will address these...
Review of Women's Studies / Review Issues
To understand the nature of violence against women in Tripura, three cases from separate moments in history have been studied - the Raiabari, Gandachara, and Omanjoy Para incidents. History has left behind social tension, masculinisation...
Review of Women's Studies / Review Issues
This article examines how the women in Nagaland and Tripura negotiate with the government and the underground militant movement. Combating their vulnerability these women have created spaces to be heard by forging alliances with both sides. With...
Review of Women's Studies / Review Issues
This ethnographic study of the female insurgent and her journey back from camp to the community discusses the encounter between women rebels who get trapped between the state and the organisation. Even as these former combatants cope with the...
Review of Women's Studies / Review Issues
This article offers an analysis of the structure of women's emergence as the subject of peace - factors that bind, facilitate, and influence their participation in peace building and reconstruction processes in north-east India. What factors...
Special Articles
Evaluating the effectiveness of the "targeting" approach in the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana, the present study examines the determinants of enrolment, hospitalisation and financial protection for below the poverty line households using data...
Special Articles
The Right to Education Act, 2009, has received mostly negative reactions from various quarters. These reactions have raised fundamental questions about the provision of elementary education as a public good and the role of the State in it. In...
Notes
Since its inception, the Kuki National Organization's objective was the creation of a state, Zale'n-gam, in India and Myanmar. The KNO advocated a liberal democratic political system. However, in the course of the movement, the KNO...
Discussion
Responding to three articles that appeared in the EPW (13 September 2014) by Nachane, Shah and Mehrotra, the authors call for clarity and debate on the ethos of the new "think tank" that is to be instituted in the place of the Planning...
Postscript
Malala Yousafzai’s Nobel Prize brings to mind the rather sorry experience of physicist Mohammad Abdus Salam, the first Pakistani to win a Nobel.
Postscript
A complex entanglement of knowledge and prohibition characterises censorship and supposed offence-giving, as countless literary examples reveal.
Postscript
Discerning personal cultural subjectivity might well turn out to be therapy for literary-minded individuals.

Learn from life


Approach experiences and interactions without judgment.

A friend who had travelled extensively in India said that beyond the clichéd postcard images of the country, what she took back was the Visit India tourism slogan, Atithi Devo Bhava. A line that very simply and beautifully extols the virtue that the guest is god. Or that anyone who enters your home should be treated with reverence and respect. In most parts of the country, she observed, one could walk in unannounced and be greeted with a cup of chai and a smile, and, more often than not, a meal. She told us that in the more affluent part of the world where she comes from, people were so cloaked in the notion of privacy that this idea was non-existent. In the rural communities we worked in, even the most cynical among us could not help but be touched by the openness with which families welcomed us to their homes. We were definitely happy ‘gods’ for a few hours!
Handling hostility
The whole notion of guest as god can be seen as a metaphor of how we approach life. In whatever role we are playing, student, working professional or homemaker, life presents to us a series of interactions and experiences. Often we find we have no control over the experience. The only control we have is how we treat the experience that is presented to us. We can choose to turn the experience away at the door by building walls of anger, hate, resentment and fear. Many years ago, in a metro residential complex, a small quarrel between two children escalated into a world-war-like scenario between the two neighbours. The families, who had shared both birthdays and loss, were now strangers to one another. The walls they built within themselves caused many more episodes of misunderstanding, and neither felt completely free of the other. Even in their deepest animosity, they were unknowingly attached to each other. The irony was that the two children, in a few weeks, forgot their quarrels and became friends again. However, by then, egos had ballooned to gigantic proportions and neither family wanted to take the first step to hand the olive branch.
The children, now in their teens, shared this story with us in a discussion on forgiveness. They said that they would remain friends and that the adults just needed to grow up! In our own personal experiences, we would have observed (always on hindsight!) that those experiences and interactions we turned away because of fears, were like guests who, turned away from the door, go away leaving both hearts feeling burdened in different ways.
The uninvited guest
In contrast, when we approach experiences and interactions without judgment or preconceived notions, we can discover a whole new way of opening our hearts to what is present. Recently, a friend’s son had a horrific accident at a birthday party. It was a period of great stress as physical and emotional scars needed healing. It was a personal lesson that the family taught me on how to really accept what is. Their entire energy was devoted to addressing the needs of the situation. Finding creative ways to keep the young spirit engaged, the initial shock had been transformed into a loving environment. At no point was undue energy spent on blaming anyone — by focusing on what was needed for the situation, they were able to find the strength to deal with what the situation required.
By channelising their own hurt and grief into something larger, they gave the biggest gift to their child. An environment where one could truly heal. The anger felt was later used constructively when the family communicated the incident to the community. The ability to transform the personal into something larger is certainly a gift. The attitude to this uninvited guest of experience was certainly an eye-opener.
Lifelong learning
The guests in our own lives come in the form of thoughts (most of them uninvited).Our attachment to these thoughts is often the foundation of our judgment and decision-making. To be able to stand and watch these guests visit the home of your heart and mind is a lifelong learning. One of the ways to do this is to engage and have a dialogue with people who have had experiences alien to your own.
A family friend, who had experienced the atrocities of war and then had his own personal battles in life which took him from depths to elevated heights, always said that there was something within him that believed in the innate goodness in people. He said that this one simple thought kept him going through his most trying times, and by creating this belief system, the universe responded. Angels in the form of good Samaritans would always be willing to lend a helping hand. Nelson Mandela, during his 26 years of imprisonment, spent mostly in solitary confinement, is a perfect example of how thoughts of the greater good can keep the spirit alive.
There are Nelson Mandelas all around us, and more importantly, within us, who surface when least expected.
A family I knew would always keep one extra plate during meal times. Apparently, it was a tradition handed down from their Irish grandmother. Her belief was that angels passing through might just stop by for a warm meal in the guise of an unknown guest! A beautiful message that one can not only use for mealtimes, but for life itself.
If you would like to share your ideas and comments, do write to: lifeplus590@gmail.com

‘Healthcare needs to be scaled up’


The healthcare industry in the country has to find an effective way to scale up to meet demands, said experts at the CII session on ‘Challenges and opportunities in Indian healthcare’, on Sunday.
“Healthcare is unorganised in India. There are a number of doctors who have done some great work, but not enough is invested in organisation as in clinical excellence,” said E.S. Krishnamoorthy, founder director and chief consultant of Neurokrish hospital.
“Doctors tend to be very territorial, we should learn to be more collaborative,” he said.
“The healthcare industry needs to look at other industries and their growth patterns to be able to develop systems and processes that drive growth.”
Ramakrishnan, a partner at the investment consultancy firm, Spark Capital, said: “At some level, the problem is a professional one. There are only around 10 healthcare companies that have Rs. 500-crore-or-more turnover. There is a second set of companies that is catching up, but there is a problem of fragmentation in the industry.”
Speaking of medical tourism, Mohan Kameshwaran, managing director of Merf India, said, “India scores over many centres in the U.K. and the U.S. in terms of quality healthcare and the rates are just 10 per cent of the prices in these countries. There is still large scope for the industry.”
Another potential area of growth, which is not being tapped, is manufacturing of medical devices, said Dr. Kameshwaran. “Many people think that manufacturing of medical devices needs large investment, but in reality, around 90 per cent of devices are low-tech and can be easily produced in the country,” he said.
The session also featured talks by R. Senthil Kumar, COO of Vasan Eye Care, Raju Venkatraman, founder director of Medall Healthcare, Vikram Rajan, senior health specialist, World Bank, and Mathew Elliot, principal investment officer at International Finance Organisation (IFC), Health and Education, South Asia.