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Friday, July 01, 2016

TN top tourist draw for 2nd straight year
New Delhi


Tamil Nadu has topped the popularity charts for both domestic and foreign tourists for the second year in a row, beating Maharashtra and other favoured destinations like Goa and Kerala.TN received 4.68 million foreign tourists in 2015, a tad higher than 4.66 million in 2014. Domestically , it continued its winning streak since 2013 with 333.5 million Indians visiting in 2015, according to tourism ministry data. Tamil Nadu's rise as a top-ranker for Indian and foreign travellers is surprising and could possibly be attributed to Indians working and studying abroad and non-resident Indians coming to visit family and relatives,“ an industry source said.
Maharashtra came second with 4.41 million foreign tourists, thanks mainly to Mumbai's busy airport that acts as a gateway for India. Uttar Pradesh, with the famous Taj Mahal, attracted 3.1 million tourists and is in the third place while Delhi with 2.38 million foreign tourists came in fourth.
Others states that are in the top 10 included West Bengal (1.49 million), Rajasthan (1.48 million), Kerala (0.98 million), Bihar (0.92 million), Karnataka (0.64 million) and Goa (0.54 million).Goa returned to the top 10 after a year's gap.
The contribution of top 10 states was about 88.4% to the total number of foreign tourist visits in the country during 2015.
Domestic tourists by far overshadowed foreign tour ists' flow with 1432 million tourists in 2015 as compared to 1282 million in 2014, registering a growth of 11.63%.
Besides Tamil Nadu, the top 10 states that Indians travelled to include Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Telangana.


Source: Times of India, 1-07-2016

Wednesday, June 29, 2016


Assam’s Majuli becomes India’s first island district


The Assam Government has granted district status to Majuli, a 400 square kilometres island in the Brahmaputra River. With this it becomes India’s first island district. Decision in this regard was taken by the state cabinet meeting presided by Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal in Guwahati. With this erosion-troubled Majuli island will become the 34th district of Assam. Earlier it was sub-division of Jorhat district. About Majuli island Geographical occurrence: The fluvial riverine island is formed by the Brahmaputra river system. It is the world’s largest mid river delta (island) system. The island is surrounded by Subanisri River in the North, main Brahmaputra River on the South and kherkatia Suli, split channel of Brahmaputra River in northeast. People and Culture: Majuli island is mostly inhabited by Mishing tribal people. It has been the hub of Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture initiated by saint-reformer Srimanta Sankardeva in 15th century. The island had some 65 satras (monasteries adhering) to Vaishnavism. But large numbers of them were relocated to the mainland after being washed away. The main surviving satras include Garamurh, Dakhinpat, Kamalabari, Auniati and Bengenaati. Flora and Fauna: Majuli island is a rich environmental hotspot harbouring. It is home of many rare and endangered avifauna species including migratory birds. Erosion: Due to erosion of river-bank of the island it has shrunk from about 1250 sq km in 1891 to about 515 sq km.

Source: currentaffairs.gktoday.in, 29-06-2016

MGNREGS provided just 49 work days on average

he rural job guarantee programme provided only 49 days of work on an average across the country in 2015-16 when drought in several states affected farm output and crimped income.
Rural development minister Chaudhary Birender Singh, though, highlighted this number as a record.
Only 10.1% of the total households that had been provided employment had been able to complete 100 days of work as stipulated by the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, according to a Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) outcome report by the rural development ministry.
And the number of households that had completed more than 100 days of work in areas where a drought had been declared was 283.5 million or 5.9% of the total, the outcome report said. Activities under MGNREGS, including building check dams and village ponds, resulted in 46.43 hectares of land being brought under irrigation, the report said.
Ordinarily, in a year of scanty rain, those engaged in agricultural activities—farm labour and even small farmers—would have been unemployed and looking for jobs and even migrating in search of work.
The year 2015-16 was the second consecutive year that rains had failed. At least 11 states, including Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Karanataka have declared a drought. Last year, the central government announced an extension from 100 to 150 days for work under MGNREGS for areas declared as affected by a natural disaster.
It was to stem distress migration and suicides among farmers and alleviate rural distress that MGNREGS was introduced in 2006.
The programme guarantees up to 100 days of unskilled work in a year to every rural household and has been credited with raising rural household incomes. It has been a key source of livelihood for millions of rural households.
“The average of 49 days of work is a record,” rural development minister Singh told reporters on the sidelines of a conference in New Delhi.
MGNREGS has had a record of never completing 100 days a year since its inception, said Himanshu, associate professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University and visiting fellow at Centre de Sciences Humaines, New Delhi, and a Mint columnist.
“It is only 2% or 3% of the people who complete 100 days of work in a year. The reason for that is that some state governments are proactive, some are not, some pay wages on time, others don’t. So, there are a number of factors for this,” Himanshu said.
“Also, the number 49 days is an all-India average; so it is not correct to compare this with 100 days in a year,” he said.
Another reason for MGNREGS to clock an average of 49 days is because wages under the scheme have fallen below other wages stipulated by states; so the priority will be to go for better paying daily wage jobs, he said.
According to the report, the number of households that demanded employment in 2015-16 were 53.5 million and of these, 48.2 million had been prov i d e d with work. The total person days—or the number of people multiplied by the number of days they had been provided work—stood at 2.36 billion in 2015-16, the report said.
The number of jobs undertaken for asset creation under MGNREGS in the past decade stood at 32 million, of which 23 million were completed, the report said. Land development and irrigation works topped the list of activities under the MGNREGS, it said, followed by water conservation and maintenance and development of traditional water bodies.

Source: Mintepaper, 29-06-2016
Middle Path to Nibbana


Earlier, days and nights were a mystery; the roar of the wind, cloud and the rains were a mystery; birth-death, fire, trees, flowers and fruit were a mystery . This led to uncertainties, pleasure and misery in our lives. It triggered our intelligence and we became truth-seekers.The individual's existence is a combination of the unconscious or Dhamma, and conscious-self or ego, a mix of observer and doer. Normally , the observer keeps a watch over the doer. As we grow, the conscious-self looks for the entities that generate pleasurable sensations and strives at enhancing this. The expansion of knowledge is centred around this `looking for' and `striving for' habits that have become complex activities.
Developments in the form of various institutions, their laws and interrelationships contribute to ego. The persistent endeavour of truth-finders has been to crack many mysteries. But one mystery still remains: God. Symbolically speaking, God is but a manifestation of fear of human ego for not being able to uncover the causes of mysteries around.
“Dhammam Sharnam Gach chhami,“ said the Buddha, pointing towards the conscious-self as the sole contributor of our life's achievements or otherwise. Meditation helps the observer-self remain separate from the doer-self, always aware of the supreme joyous state of mind-body . In this permanent state of alertness, you are never in extreme pain or extreme pleasure. The Middle Path is about balance that makes Dhamma flow peacefully .
Tor, a software that masks location, identity of internet users

A small library in New Hampshire sits at the forefront of global efforts to promote privacy and fight government surveillance -to the consternation of law enforcement.The Kilton Public Library in Lebanon, a city of 13,000, last year became the nation's first library to use Tor, software that masks the location and identity of internet users, in a pilot project initiated by the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Library Freedom Project. Users the world over can and do have their searches randomly routed through the library . Computers that have Tor loaded on them bounce internet searches through a random pathway , or series of relays, of other computers equipped with Tor. This network of virtual tunnels masks the location and IP address of the person doing the search.
In a feature that makes Kilton unique among US libraries, it also has a computer with a Tor exit relay , which delivers the internet query to the destination site and becomes identified as the lastknown source of the query .
Alison Macrina, founder and director of the Library Freedom Project, said her or ganisation chose Kilton for its pilot project because it had embraced other privacy-enhancing software the project recommended and because she knew the library had the know-how take it to the complicated exit-relay stage.
Tor can protect shoppers, victims of domestic violence, whistleblowers, dissidents, undercover agents and criminals alike. A recent routine internet search using Tor on one of Kilton's computers was routed through Ukraine, Germany and the Netherlands.
“Libraries are bastions of freedom,“ said Shari Steele, executive director of the Tor Project, a nonprofit started in 2004 to promote the use of Tor worldwide. “They are a great natural ally .“
“Local police asked the Kilton library last July to stop using Tor. Its use was suspended until the library board voted unanimously at a standing-room-only meeting in September to maintain the Tor relay . Kilton's really committed as a library to the values of intellectual privacy ,“ Macrina said.
“In New Hampshire, there's a lot of activism fighting surveillance. It's the `Live Free or Die' place, and they really mean it.''

Source: Times of India, 29-06-2016

Tuesday, June 28, 2016

1 in 3 women in the workforce marry before they turn 18

More than 32% females in the workforce tie the knot before they turn 18, while the figure for males is 6%

Nearly one in three married women in India’s workforce is below 18, the legal age for marriage, data from Census 2011 reveals.
While 6% of males in India’s workforce who get married are below 18 years of age, more than 32% of India’s married females tie the knot before turning 18.
Worryingly, almost 15% of the females get married before reaching the age of 16.
The new data signals that despite a sustained campaign by the government, India still has a long way to go in preventing child marriages and empower its young female population.
To be sure, India has made substantial progress and these numbers are an improvement from the 2001 Census numbers.
As per Census 2001, nearly one in two married females and one in 10 married males in India’s workforce were married before 18.
Within the Indian workforce, the story is similar for main workers and marginal workers.
Marginal workers are defined as those workers who work less than 183 days in the preceding year of the census.
Under the main workers category, more than 31% of the female workers who married did so before 18. This was more than 33% for marginal workers, as per Census 2011.
In comparison, according to Census 2001, almost 45% of the females in the main workers category and nearly 50% of the females in the marginal workers category were married before the legal minimum age for marriage.
Categorized on the lines of economic activity, the proportion of women getting married before 18 years of age was highest among cultivators and agricultural labourers in the main workers category and for marginal workers.
Among males, too, this proportion is highest for cultivators, followed by marginal workers and agricultural labourers.
Lack of political will to implement policies such as National Education Policy as well as the nature of development policies to counter poverty are responsible for women marrying early, said Indu Agnihotri, director at Centre for Women’s Development Studies (CWDS).
“In the name of being tolerant to cultures, the government has no motivation to implement the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, properly, unless a complaint is filed. Moreover, arbitrary selection of age (six to 14 years) in the Right to Education Act has only shown lack of political will on the part of successive governments,” said Agnihotri.
“The extent of poverty and the nature of development policy have left the poor vulnerable. In this scenario, marriage offers a form of security for girls, and in this process, they become the victims of this paradigm of development which ignores poverty and looks at the problem from a cultural lens,” she added.
The data shows that the worst offender is Rajasthan with the highest proportion of married males and females below 18. While almost 45% of females got married under 18 years of age, 15% of the males also got married before 18.
“The numbers show that the pursuit of gender equality is a sham. We have managed to narrow down the gender gap when it comes to literacy; so more girls are going to schools. However, we have failed in ensuring they get married at the marriageable age, thus reflecting how socially conservative we are,” said Manisha Priyam, a New Delhi-based political analyst.

Source: mintepaper, 28-06-2016

Why the British said no to Europe

This was a vote by those angered and demoralised by the sheer arrogance of the apologists for the ‘remain’ campaign and the dismemberment of a socially just civil life in Britain.

The majority vote by Britons to leave the European Union was an act of raw democracy. Millions of ordinary people refused to be bullied, intimidated and dismissed with open contempt by their presumed betters in the major parties, the leaders of the business and banking oligarchy and the media.
This was, in great part, a vote by those angered and demoralised by the sheer arrogance of the apologists for the “remain” campaign and the dismemberment of a socially just civil life in Britain. The last bastion of the historic reforms of 1945, the National Health Service, has been so subverted by Tory and Labour-supported privateers it is fighting for its life.
Nothing but blackmail

A forewarning came when the Treasurer, George Osborne, the embodiment of both Britain’s ancien regime and the banking mafia in Europe, threatened to cut £30 billion from public services if people voted the wrong way; it was blackmail on a shocking scale.
John Pilger
Immigration was exploited in the campaign with consummate cynicism, not only by populist politicians from the lunar right, but by Labour politicians drawing on their own venerable tradition of promoting and nurturing racism, a symptom of corruption not at the bottom but at the top. The reason millions of refugees have fled the Middle East — first Iraq, now Syria — are the invasions and imperial mayhem of Britain, the United States, France, the European Union and NATO. Before that, there was the wilful destruction of Yugoslavia. Before that, there was the theft of Palestine and the imposition of Israel.
The pith helmets may have long gone, but the blood has never dried. A nineteenth century contempt for countries and peoples, depending on their degree of colonial usefulness, remains a centrepiece of modern “globalisation”, with its perverse socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor: its freedom for capital and denial of freedom to labour; its perfidious politicians and politicised civil servants. All this has now come home to Europe, enriching the likes of Tony Blair and impoverishing and disempowering millions. On 23 June, the British said no more.
The London class

The most effective propagandists of the “European ideal” have not been the far right, but an insufferably patrician class for whom metropolitan London is the United Kingdom. Its leading members see themselves as liberal, enlightened, cultivated tribunes of the 21st century zeitgeist, even “cool”. What they really are is a bourgeoisie with insatiable consumerist tastes and ancient instincts of their own superiority. In their house paper, the Guardian, they have gloated, day after day, at those who would even consider the EU profoundly undemocratic, a source of social injustice and a virulent extremism known as “neoliberalism”.
The aim of this extremism is to install a permanent, capitalist theocracy that ensures a two-thirds society, with the majority divided and indebted, managed by a corporate class, and a permanent working poor. In Britain today, 63 per cent of poor children grow up in families where one member is working. For them, the trap has closed. More than 600,000 residents of Britain’s second city, Greater Manchester, are, reports a study, “experiencing the effects of extreme poverty” and 1.6 million are slipping into penury.
Little of this social catastrophe is acknowledged in the bourgeois controlled media, notably the Oxbridge dominated BBC. During the referendum campaign, almost no insightful analysis was allowed to intrude upon the clichéd hysteria about “leaving Europe”, as if Britain was about to be towed in hostile currents somewhere north of Iceland.
On the morning after the vote, a BBC radio reporter welcomed politicians to his studio as old chums. “Well,” he said to “Lord” Peter Mandelson, the disgraced architect of Blairism, “why do these people want it so badly?” The “these people” are the majority of Britons.
The wealthy war criminal Tony Blair remains a hero of the Mandelson “European” class, though few will say so these days. The Guardian once described Mr. Blair as “mystical” and has been true to his “project” of rapacious war. The day after the vote, the columnist Martin Kettle offered a Brechtian solution to the misuse of democracy by the masses. “Now surely we can agree referendums are bad for Britain”, said the headline over his full-page piece. The “we” was unexplained but understood — just as “these people” is understood. “The referendum has conferred less legitimacy on politics, not more,” wrote Mr. Kettle. “…the verdict on referendums should be a ruthless one. Never again.”
The kind of ruthlessness Mr. Kettle longs for is found in Greece, a country now airbrushed. There, they had a referendum and the result was ignored. Like the Labour Party in Britain, the leaders of the Syriza government in Athens are the products of an affluent, highly privileged, educated middle class, groomed in the fakery and political treachery of post-modernism. The Greek people courageously used the referendum to demand their government sought “better terms” with a venal status quo in Brussels that was crushing the life out of their country. They were betrayed, as the British would have been betrayed.
Perpetual forgetfulness

On Friday, the Labour Party leader, Jeremy Corbyn, was asked by the BBC if he would pay tribute to the departed Mr. Cameron, his comrade in the “remain” campaign. Mr. Corbyn fulsomely praised Mr. Cameron’s “dignity” and noted his backing for gay marriage and his apology to the Irish families of the dead of Bloody Sunday. He said nothing about Mr. Cameron’s divisiveness, his brutal austerity policies, his lies about “protecting” the Health Service. Neither did he remind people of the war mongering of the Cameron government: the dispatch of British special forces to Libya and British bomb aimers to Saudi Arabia and, above all, the beckoning of world war three.
In the week of the referendum vote, no British politician and, to my knowledge, no journalist referred to Vladimir Putin’s speech in St. Petersburg commemorating the seventy-fifth anniversary of Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June, 1941. The Soviet victory — at a cost of 27 million Soviet lives and the majority of all German forces — won the Second World War.
Mr. Putin likened the current frenzied build up of NATO troops and war material on Russia’s western borders to the Third Reich’s Operation Barbarossa. NATO’s exercises in Poland were the biggest since the Nazi invasion; Operation Anaconda had simulated an attack on Russia, presumably with nuclear weapons. On the eve of the referendum, the quisling secretary-general of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg, warned Britons they would be endangering “peace and security” if they voted to leave the EU. The millions who ignored him and Mr. Cameron, Mr. Osborne, Mr. Corbyn, Mr. Obama and the man who runs the Bank of England may, just may, have struck a blow for real peace and democracy in Europe.
John Pilger is a journalist and film-maker.
Source: The Hindu, 28-06-2016