Followers

Wednesday, November 17, 2021

Quote of the Day

 

“The ultimate test of man's conscience may be his willingness to sacrifice something today for future generations whose words of thanks will not be heard.”
Gaylord Nelson, US Senator
“मनुष्य के सद् विवेक की अंतिम कसौटी शायद उन भावी पीढ़ियों के लिए आज कुछ त्याग करने की उसकी इच्छा ही है जिन के धन्यवाद के शब्द उसे कभी सुनाई नहीं देंगे।”
गेलॉर्ड नेलसन, अमरीकी राजनीतिज्ञ

National Epilepsy Day observed on 17 November

 In India, November 17 is observed every year as National Epilepsy Day by the Epilepsy Foundation, to create awareness about epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain characterized by recurrent ‘seizures’ or ‘fits’. The month of November is observed as ‘National Epilepsy Awareness Month’.

What is Epilepsy?

  • Epilepsy is a varied set of persistent neurological disarray and causes sudden seizures and fits.
  • The seizures of epilepsy result due to the unusual and extreme activities in the brain and the seizures also result from hypersynchronous neuronal brain activity.
  • According to the World Health Organisation(WHO), more than 50 million people across the globe have epilepsy, which makes it one of the most common neurological diseases.
  • Almost 80% of people suffering from Epilepsy reside in low and middle-income countries. It is estimated that with proper diagnosis and treatment more than 70% of the people with Epilepsy can live without a seizure.

History Epilepsy Foundation of India:

The National Epilepsy Day is a national level campaign initiated by the Epilepsy Foundation of India to reduce the prevalence of Epilepsy in India. The Epilepsy Foundation of India in Mumbai, Maharashtra was established by Dr Nirmal Surya in 2009. Epilepsy Foundation of India is a non-profitable charitable organisation to help people with seizures to have a fulfilling life and to change their view about epilepsy in society.

Arunachal’s approved “Kaiser-i-Hind” as state butterfly

 State Cabinet of Arunachal Pradesh, headed by Chief Minister Pema Khandu, approved “Kaiser-i-Hind” as the state butterfly. Kaiser-i-Hind is scientifically known as Teinopalpus imperialis. In literal terms, it means Emperor of India. The butterfly is having a wingspan of 90-120 mm. It is found across six States along Eastern Himalayas at elevations from 6,000-10,000 feet in a well-wooded terrain.


The Kaiser-i-Hind is protected under Schedule II of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Despite that, they are hunted for the supply to butterfly collectors. International Union for Conservation of Nature has red-listed the Kaiser-i-Hind.

Key facts:

  • Kaiser-i-Hind’ is a large and brightly coloured butterfly.
  • It is an elusive swallowtail butterfly, which carries ‘India’ in its name.
  • They also flutter in Bhutan, Nepal, Laos, Myanmar, southern China and Vietnam
  • Arunachal pradesh CM: Pema Khandu;
  • Arunachal Pradesh Governor: B. D. Mishra.

Can we predict the future with big data?

 As a lifelong fan of science fiction, I was thrilled to learn that Apple TV+ was bringing Isaac Asimov’s classic Foundation series to the small screen. I have to admit that my excitement was tinged with just a soupçon of trepidation, unsure as I was that anyone would be able to do justice to the vast multi-generational span of the storyline. But it was great that even an attempt was being made.

Much of why the Foundation trilogy is so timeless has to do with psychohistory—the fictional science around which the plot of the entire series revolves. Using a combination of mathematics, history and sociology, psychohistory makes it possible for the protagonist, Hari Seldon, to predict the flow of future historical events with fine-grained accuracy. The science is based on the premise that, while no one can ever expect to predict what a single human is going to do, if you are modelling a large enough population, it is possible to describe the sequence in which future events will take place with unerring accuracy. The Galactic Empire in which the Foundation series is set has a population in excess of a quintillion people, allowing Seldon to accurately foresee its downfall and develop a plan to shape the course of these future events so that its worst effects could be mitigated.

The appeal of psychohistory lies in its believability. Even though it was conceptualized 80 years ago, well before big data and the miracles of modern data-driven innovation, Asimov intuitively zeroed in on the fact that while human behaviour might be erratic in isolation, when aggregated at population scale, it can become predictable.

Science fiction has always been prescient. Jules Verne wrote about space travel and submarines before anything even approaching the technology required to make this a reality existed. Arthur C. Clarke predicted satellite communication well before the first satellite was placed in geosynchronous orbit. Even Douglas Adams’ vision of a universal translator (the babelfish—a live fish that lives in your ear) long predated Google Translate.

Seeing how science fiction got all these things right, I’d like to think that it is only a matter of time before psychohistory becomes a reality.

A few weeks ago, The Economist weekly had a feature on a new revolution that it called the third wave of economics. Unlike the first wave that was largely driven by individual thinkers who wrote books and papers about a singular big idea, or the second wave that was slightly more experimental with new assertions supported by empirical studies, the third wave of economics is almost entirely powered by the voluminous availability of real-time data.

Tech companies have long been able to draw on the data they generate to predict customer behaviour. E-commerce firms use this information to promote products and ensure their private-label brands are hawked alongside items that are likely to be in strong demand. Streaming media companies use this data to green-light movies and TV series based on what is most likely to find favour with global audiences.

Third-wave economists use similar techniques, drawing on vast amounts of real-time granular data to explain real-world problems. By studying granular mobility data obtained from social media companies and telecom service providers during the pandemic, they were able to understand the impact of lockdown restrictions on disease transmission. By studying live data on the day-to-day movements of ships, they were able to figure out where the bottlenecks lay in supply-chain logistics. In the US, economists analysed live data from restaurant booking sites to gather evidence in support of a stimulus package for the industry.

The availability of real-time granular data is only going to increase. Apart from the fact that more and more people are going online every day, a rapid acceleration in the volume and variety of wearable and Internet of Things devices has resulted in an exponential increase in the availability of new information. This real-time data is available on the cloud in easily accessible, inter-operable formats that are well suited for cross-platform analysis. And, as the available volumes of data increase, the accuracy of early trends that are identified is only going to improve.

While this may not yet be anything like Seldon’s psychohistory, we might already be able to see how, given time, it could develop into something along those lines. If economists can model the data generated by commercial transactions to forecast the behaviour of markets, it can’t be long before this data is used to predict social outcomes. With real-time data at their disposal, it should be possible to build tight feedback loops that constantly refine and recast these models on the basis of how they perform in the real world, with constant iterations helping them improve accuracy.

When we have all the data required to predict outcomes as well as the models needed to do so accurately, we will also have all the tools it takes to shape those outcomes in desirable ways. Even though, at present, predictions from these models are relatively short term, it seems entirely within the realm of possibility that with more data and improved models, it will soon be possible to see further into the future, predicting not just an immediately proximate response but also the sequence of events that will take place. Once that happens, it will only be a matter of time before there is little to distinguish third wave economics from psychohistory.

Rahul Matthan

Source: Mintepaper, 17/11/21

A walk through life

 

Occasionally, I go for a walk in a park. As I start walking on a cemented path, surrounded by lush greenery, some scenic scenes meet my eyes: the white storks on the green grass, the majestic peacock peeping at me from behind the bushes, and the trees filled with flowers.

The dew-filled grass glistening in the rays of the morning sun, the rise and fall of the land, and the vast expanse of greenery before my eyes, urge me to leave the cemented path I am walking on. I look at the soiled path through the wet grass. It looks straight from the Robert Frost poem, The road not taken. As my footsteps begin to tread on it, I remember the words of that poem, “I took the one less travelled by.”

As the agile squirrels continue to hop across my path and the chirpy birds continue to chatter away in the overhead trees, I continue my walk. After a while, when I pause to catch my breath, looking up at the sky, I spot a solitary white cloud floating in the blue sky. Seeing it, I remember the words of a Wordsworth poem, “I wandered lonely as a cloud.” I continue to wander on that lonely path. I look around. Not everyone in the park has a walk companion. There are more loners, which makes me realise that every man is an island. We must continue walking through life, even if we are alone. My poetic walk turns into a philosophical one.

As I walk on, my eyes fall on my footsteps. I look at how I am taking one step at a time. Maybe, this is the gist of life. Suddenly, the walk in the park seems like a walk through the journey of life. I look at the alternating phases of shadow and light on the pathway, signifying happiness and sadness in life. The intermittent darkness makes us value the light more.

The walk is long. I get tired, when my path goes uphill. It teaches me that sometimes the journey of life is uphill, while on other times, it is downhill, but it never stays uphill always. As I lose my way in the large park, I continue to walk the zigzag paths, not knowing where the destination is or how far it is. I think I am lost, but one path leads to the other, and soon the destination is in sight. I reflect that it is the same in life.

Before going, as I pause to witness an amusing scene of a squirrel scratching its armpit, I remember the words of a W. H. Davies poem, “What is this life if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare.” Soon, it's time to go. And I am back on the cemented path, among the other walkers.

Simran Sidhu

Source: The Hindu, 14/11/21

Bridge the gender gap

 

The under-representation of women in cybersecurity must be addressed at the earliest


In an era when everyone is online, the likelihood of cyber-attacks has increased significantly, as has the need for professionals in the domain. While the demand for trained people rises, there is also the need to bridge the gender gap in cybersecurity. Estimates show that women account for just 24% of the workforce. Apart from the notion that men are better at handling technical subjects, there is also the risk of discrimination and, most important, the lack of support for women who want to study in these technical fields.

Enterprises dealing with cybersecurity must understand the need for gender diversity and how women can contribute to this field. The first step would be to shed the image of “male hacker only” industry. This is a deep-rooted notion emphasised by web series such as Mr. Robot, Silicon Valley, Who Am I, among others. What’s more, job advertisements for cybersecurity positions are mostly focused on recruiting and showcasing the role as being more suitable for men.

Lack of awareness

The image of cybersecurity positions being focused on hacking and handling data breaches can be attributed to pop culture and media. However, cybersecurity involves a lot more with roles like security analyst, security engineer, security architect, security administrator, security developer, security consultant, cryptanalyst, security officer, virus technician, detection specialist being some that are important.

The under-representation of women gives rise to an uneven, and at times unfair, playing field. This consequently results in women getting isolated, requiring to overdo, compromising their physical security and so on. It would not be wrong to say that bridging gender gap will being enhanced creativity and innovative defences or solutions to field of cybersecurity.

Alka Kapur

Source: The Hindu, 10/11/21

Tuesday, November 16, 2021

Quote of the Day November 16, 2021

 

“Ideas are like stars; you will not succeed in touching them with your hands. But, like the seafaring man on the desert of waters, you choose them as your guides, and following them you will reach your destiny.”
Carl Shurtz, (1829-1906), Writer and Politician
“सितारों की तरह होते हैं आदर्श; उन्हें आप हाथों से छू नहीं पाएंगे। लेकिन, समुद्र के नाविकों की तरह, आप उन्हें अपना मार्गदर्शक चुनते हैं, और उनका पीछा करते हुए आप अपनी मंजि