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Wednesday, December 29, 2021

NITI Aayog’s Fourth Health Index released

 On December 27, 2021, the NITI Aayog released its fourth Health Index.

Highlights

  • The fourth round of Index took into account the period 2019-20 as reference year.
  • NITI Aayog prepared this report in collaboration with the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare as well as with the technical assistance from the World Bank.

Key findings

  • According to NITI Aayog’s health index, Kerala has emerged as the top performer with respect to overall health performance among larger states. On the other hand, Uttar Pradesh has been ranked the last.
  • However, Uttar Pradesh topped in terms of incremental performance since it registered the highest incremental change in reference year 2019-20 as compared to the base year 2018-19.
  • Tamil Nadu emerged as second while Telangana emerged as the third best performers, on health parameters.
  • Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra have been ranked among top five.
  • Bihar is the second and Madhya Pradesh is the third worst performers, on health parameters.
  • In smaller states category, Mizoram became the best performer in overall performance and incremental performance.
  • Among Union Territories, Delhi and Jammu & Kashmir have been ranked among bottom UTs with respect to overall performance. However, they emerged as leading performer with respect to incremental performance.
  • In terms of health performance, Kerala emerged as the best state, for the fourth time.
  • Kerala and Tamil Nadu were top two performers with highest reference year (2019-20) index score, in terms of overall performance. However, they have been ranked twelfth and eighth in terms of incremental performance.
  • Telangana secured the third place in terms of overall performance as well as incremental performance.
  • Rajasthan was the worst performer, in terms of overall performance and incremental performance.
  • Among smaller states, Mizoram & Tripura registered strong overall performance. They also showed improvements in incremental performance.

Current Affairs-December 29, 2021

 

INDIA

– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually dedicates to the Nation 24 bridges & three roads built by BRO in four States & two Union Territories
– PM launches blockchain-based digital degrees at IIT Kanpur
– PM inaugurates 356 Km long Bina-Panki Multiproduct Pipeline Project; connects Bina refinery in MP to Panki in Kanpur
– PM inaugurates 9 kms completed section of Kanpur Metro Rail Project
– Union Home Minister Amit Shah chairs 3rd meeting of Apex Level Committee of Narco Coordination Center in New Delhi
– FCRA licence of Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity not renewed following adverse inputs: Home Ministry
– The Hindu’s Shiv Sahay Singh wins prize at Ramnath Goenka award for his 2019 story “Death by Digital Exclusion”
– Vikram Misri, India’s former ambassador to China, appointed Deputy National Security Advisor

ECONOMY & CORPORATE

– RBI releases report on “Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2020-21”; gross non-performing assets (GNPA) ratio of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) declined from 8.2% at end-March 2020 to 7.3% at end-March 2021
– DRDO hands over technology of extreme cold weather clothing system (ECWCS) to five Indian companies; designed to provide thermal insulation between +15° to -50° Celsius
– Supriya Lifescience makes strong market debut; lists at 55% premium over its issue price

WORLD

– Booker Prize-winning novelist Keri Hulme of New Zealand dies at 74
– Pakistan: National Security Committee (NSC) approves ‘citizen-centric’ National Security Policy

Maharashtra: What is ‘Public University Act, 2016 (Third Amendment) Bill’?

 On December 28, 2021, the Maharashtra Legislative Council passed the “Maharashtra Public University Act, 2016 (Third Amendment) Bill”.


Highlights

The act is being opposed over its provision to include LGBTQIA community members on University Boards.

Key Provisions of the act

  • The amended act comprises of a provision for “Board of Equal opportunity”.
  • According to the act, A board of equal opportunity shall be constituted in each University. The board will be responsible for planning, monitoring, guiding and coordinating several development and welfare programs, regulations, policies and schemes for the welfare, development & social protection of students, non-teaching employees and teachers belonging to weaker section of the society, minorities, women and LGBTQIA.
  • These provisions will be extended to “persons with disabilities for promoting and establishing values of freedom, equal opportunities, secularism, equality, dignity and social justice.

Why the act is being criticized?

This act is being criticized over following questions:

  1. How will one ascertain that a person is a LGBTQIA?
  2. Who will certify the person as LGBTQIA?

Equal Opportunity provisions in Indian Constitution

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution provides for Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. Section 1 of the article talks about equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters related to appointment or employment to any office under the State. Section 2 of the articles provides that, no citizens shall be discriminated on grounds of religion, race, sex, caste, descent, place of birth and residence in respect of employment or office under State. Parliament is free to make law prescribing employment or appointment to an office under government, state or Union Territory or any local authority in accordance with section 2 of the article.

An opportunity for Digital India

 

Aditya Nath Jha writes: Made in India digital tools can help other emerging economies deal with economic, governance challenges.


India is pioneering the concept of digital public goods that enhance the ease, transparency and speed with which individuals, markets and governments interact with each other. Built on the foundation of Aadhaar and India Stack, modular applications, big and small, are transforming the way we make payments, withdraw our PF, get our passport and driving licence and check land records, to name just a few activities. Children have access to QR-coded textbooks across state boards and languages, the economically disadvantaged have access to the public distribution system and beneficiaries of government schemes have money transferred directly into their bank accounts.

There is an opportunity for India to embark on digital diplomacy — to take its made-in-India digital public goods to hundreds of emerging economies across the world. This could be a strategic and effective counter to China’s Belt and Road Initiative.

To begin with, the code is highly reusable. The cost of setting up an open source-based high school online educational infrastructure, to supplement the physical infrastructure, for an entire country is less than laying two kilometres of high-quality road. The investments required for transporting digital public goods are minuscule in comparison and there is no chance of a debt trap.

Unlike physical infrastructure such as ports and roads, digital public goods have short gestation periods and immediate, and visible impact and benefits. Digital infrastructure plugs leaks. It eliminates ghost beneficiaries of government services, removes touts collecting rent, creates an audit trail, makes the individual-government-market interface transparent and provides efficiencies that help recoup the investments quickly. Processes get streamlined and wait times for any service come down dramatically. Issuances of passports, PAN cards and driving licences are such examples. Productivity goes up and services can be scaled quickly. Benefits can be rapidly extended to cover a much larger portion of the population.

Above all, the digital public goods infrastructure compounds while physical infrastructure depreciates. Compounding happens for three reasons. One, of course, is the growth of technology itself. Chips keep becoming faster, engines more powerful, and gene-editing technology keeps improving. The second reason is the network effect. As more and more people use the same technology, the number of “transactions” using that technology increase exponentially — be it Facebook posts or UPI transactions. And the third reason is the rapid creation of new layers of technology. For example, the hypertext protocol created the worldwide web. Then the browser was built on top of it, which made the worldwide web easier to navigate and more popular. Thousands of new layers were added to make it what it is today. To give an example, consider the surge in UPI-based payments in India. This kind of growth doesn’t happen with a few entitled and privileged people using UPI more and more; it happens with more and more people using UPI more and more. The use of Diksha, the school education platform built on the open-source platform Sunbird, has followed the same trajectory — today close to 500 million schoolchildren are using it. Taken together, compounding ensures that the digital divide gets bridged.

Emerging economies are characterised by gross inefficiencies in the delivery of government services and a consequent trust deficit. Digital public goods spread speed, transparency, ease and productivity across the individual-government-market ecosystem and enhance inclusivity, equity and development at scale. India’s digital diplomacy will be beneficial to and welcomed by, all emerging economies from Peru to Polynesia, from Uruguay to Uganda, and from Kenya to Kazakhstan.

It will entail a slight rejig in the composition of India’s consulates abroad, with technology experts getting incorporated into the structure. It will take made-in-India digital public goods across the world and boost India’s brand positioning as a leading technology player in the digital age. It will enable quick, visible and compounding benefits for India’s partner countries and earn India immense goodwill. And it will create a strong foothold for India globally to counter the extravagantly expensive, brick-and-mortar led Belt and Road Initiative of China.

Written by Aditya Nath Jha

Source: Indian Express, 29/12/21

Thursday, December 16, 2021

Quote of the Day December 16, 2021

 

“The world is full of people looking for spectacular happiness while they snub contentment.”
Doug Larson
“दुनिया ऐसे लोगों से अंटी पड़ी है जो असाधारण सुख की आस में संतोष को ताक पर रख देते हैं।”
डग लारसन

Current Affairs-December 16, 2021

 

INDIA

– ‘Durga Puja in Kolkata’ inscribed on ‘Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity’ by UNESCO
– 8th Indian Ocean Dialogue jointly hosted by External Affairs Ministry and Indian Council of World Affairs
– Columbia Journalism School alumni award for The Hindu Group chairperson Malini Parthasarathy
– Cabinet approves India-Poland treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters

ECONOMY & CORPORATE

– Centre approves incentive scheme for promotion of RuPay Debit Cards and low-value (upto Rs. 2,000) BHIM-UPI transactions
– Cabinet approves implementation of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana for 2021-26
– Cabinet approves Programme for Development of Semiconductors and Display Manufacturing Ecosystem in India
– WTO panel asks India to withdraw subsidies in sugar dispute
– NTPC awards India’s first green hydrogen-based microgrid project at Simhadri (AP)
– Pilgrims to Kartarpur gurudwara in Pakistan can carry up to Rs 11,000, says RBI
– SBI, Indian Army renew MoU to offer benefits to army personnel, their families
– Assam’s Manohari Gold Tea sets record, auctioned for Rs 1 lakh per kg
– WhatsApp starts pilot to adopt 500 villages in India for access to digital payments

WORLD

– President Ram Nath Kovind holds delegation level talks with Bangladesh’s President Md Abdul Hamid in Dhaka; participates in 50th Victory Day celebrations of Bangladesh
– India, Iran and Uzbekistan hold meet on joint use of Iran’s Chabahar Port
– NASA-launched spacecraft ‘Parker Solar Probe’ enters Sun’s corona for first time in history

IIT Dropout Series: Jharkhand boy left IIT-Delhi for own startup, now runs a Rs 750-crore company with global partnerships

 Ankit Prasad made it to the list of Forbes 30 under 30 in 2018 and has also been recognised in the Business World magazine’s 40 Under 40 list.


Ankit Prasad from Chaibasa — a small town in Jharkhand – always wanted to be an entrepreneur. Whenever a relative would ask him the usual question, “What would you become once you grow up?” Ankit always replied, “Bill Gates”.

Computers always fascinated him and he was fortunate enough to have a visionary father, who got the first computer in Chaibasa in 1995 and Ankit became part of the tech revolution started by Gates.

Around the same time, the Prasad family soon moved to Jamshedpur after Ankit’s father, Ranjit Prasad, got a job as geology professor at NIT Jamshedpur. Both Ankit and his two-year elder brother, Rahul completed their primary schooling at Saraswati Vidya Mandir in Chaibasa. The duo did not get to learn English alphabets until they joined DAV School at NIT Jamshedpur.

“Adapting to a new language was proving to be more difficult than expected. All the subjects that required English proficiency started to scare me and that’s when mathematics became my best friend. It required nominal understanding of the sentence, which made me feel very comfortable,” said the 30-year old.

Since childhood, the brothers have been interested in computers. Since the age of six, Ankit has been deeply fascinated by coding. They both started with web design in 2005 and founded a small company that designed websites for local restaurants, service providers and hotels. The small scale business soon picked up and started generating profits.

In 2005, the average boy surprised everyone by achieving a spot in the school’s top 3 scorers in class 10 board result. As the normal social convention goes, he too was fascinated by the IITs. “I realised people’s obsession with IIT and the definition of success that follows,” said Ankit.

He joined a coaching centre in Jamshedpur to prepare for the IIT entrance exam. Throughout childhood, Ankit suffered from hyper myopia and had the eyesight of -18 and -19. It was only in 2017 he got normal vision after a surgery. He could not see what coaching teachers were writing on the board and the huge class sizes bugged him. “Our website business supported me with the coaching expenses but I was not enjoying the process,” he said.

After spending a year in the “pressure cooker”, he finally left to prepare on his own. In 2007, he appeared for the entrance exam and achieved a rank above 5000, which could not get him into an IIT but allowed him to secure a seat at NIT Jamshedpur. He took admission but still wanted to join an IIT.

“My brother wanted to pursue an undergraduate degree at IIT but he could not get in. My parents had high hopes for me but my first attempt did not go as planned. Hence, I gave it another shot and got AIR 400,” said Ankit, who then joined IIT Delhi for an integrated MTech in Mathematics and Computing in 2008.After joining IIT Delhi, he continued with his business. Soon, the business expanded and he started earning steadily. Through 2009-10, he worked with multiple startups. “I was in college but was already working to get good money. Adhering to professional deadlines started hampering my classes, but I enjoyed my work as opposed to the theoretical research-driven curriculum being taught in the engineering classes,” said Ankit.

The success of Flipkart, Snapdeal and Zomato motivated Ankit and he created Touch Talent from the hostel room in 2012 with his brother. It is a web-based global community that allows users to display, share, appreciate and monetize art and design. During the same time, he started attending lesser classes and could not appear for semester exams. That’s when he decided to pull off a full-time career instead of an engineering degree.

However, he wanted to tap into the growing smartphone industry and in 2015 founded ‘Bobble AI’ which created ‘Bobble Indic’ keyboard. Around 120 languages from around the world, as well as 37 Indian languages, are assisted by the keyboard. Bobble AI’s valuation was recorded to be over 500 crores in 2020The app makes stickers, GIFs, emojis among other graphics to make texting more expressive and visual. The app now has more than 65 million users and partnerships with global smartphone companies such as XiaomiGioneePanasonic and Lava among many others in South Africa, Pakistan, Turkey and Europe.

“People made fun of me when I used to call myself a CEO of my small company at the age of 21. I took the path less travelled and most of my relatives did not get it. However, my parents’ openness allowed me to make my own decisions,” said Ankit.

He made it to the list of Forbes 30 under 30 in 2018 and that’s when “people’s perception changed” towards him. “It was my first recognition and it instilled confidence of being on the right path,” Ankit said. Besides, he has also been recognised in the Business World magazine’s 40 Under 40 list.

“Even today, my mother does not understand what I do or how much revenue does the company generate, but she uses my interactive keyboard to interact with everyone and that feels great,” said the IIT Delhi dropout., which increased to more than 750 crores in the third quarter of 2021.

Written by Sheetal Banchariya

Source: Indian Express, 16/12/21