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Wednesday, August 17, 2022

Current Affairs-August 17, 2022

 INDIA

– Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan urges citizens to participate in Citizen Survey for National Curriculum Framework
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh addresses plenary session of Moscow Conference on International Security-2022 virtually
– Centre launches Paalan 1000 National Campaign to reduce child mortality
– Arunachal Pradesh CM Pema Khandu launches pilot drone service project ‘Medicine from The Sky’
J&K: Kashmiri Pandit shot dead in militant attack at Shopian
– J&K: 4 ITBP personnel killed in bus accident on Chandanwari-Pahalgam route
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. unveils Manthan platform for better collaboration between industry and research institutes
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh hands over indigenously-developed equipment and systems to the Army; includes ‘Future Infantry Soldier as a System’ and new generation anti-personnel mine ‘Nipun’
– National Health Authority announces performance-based fund allocation to states, UTs for strengthening registries of healthcare professionals, health facilities
– Wholesale price inflation in July eases to lowest in five months at 13.93%
– SBI launches its first dedicated branch to support start-ups in Bengaluru
WORLD
– Kenya: Deputy President William Ruto elected next President
– China not allowed to use Hambantota Port for military purposes: Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe
– India contributes four lakh US dollars to Voluntary Trust Funds for support United Nations Human Rights
SPORTS
– FIFA suspends All India Football Federation (AIFF) due to undue influence from third parties

Economic and Political Weekly: Table of Contents

 

Vol. 57, Issue No. 33, 13 Aug, 2022

Know your Tiranga, and how it evolved to be pride of the nation

 Like every free nation, India too has its own national flag. The septuagenarian Independent India is ready to hoist her symbol of freedom on 15th August this year as well, ushering in Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, a celebration of independence. The National Flag of India was adopted in its present form on the 22 July, 1947, a few days before India’s independence from the British on 15 August, 1947.

The flag has evolved through years until the present one was chosen. Following are flags in vogue prior to the acceptance of the tricolour as national flag:

The first Indian National Flag consisted of three stripes of green, yellow and red. It is said to have been hoisted on 7 August, 1906 in the Parsee Bagan Square (Green Square) in Calcutta (present-day Kolkata).

The second flag was very similar to the first flag. It was hoisted in Paris by Madame Cama and her band of exiled revolutionaries in 1907. It was also exhibited at a socialist conference in Berlin.

Dr. Annie Besant and LokmanyaTilak hoisted the third flag during the Home Rule Movement in 1917. It had four green and five red horizontal stripes, with seven stars (denoting the Saptarishi). On the top left corner was the Union Jack and a white crescent and a star were on the other top corner.

In 1921, during the All India Congress Committee session at Bezwada (present day Vijayawada), an Andhra youth prepared a flag consisting of red and green colours, representing the Hindu and the Muslim religions respectively. Mahatma Gandhi suggested adding a white stripe for the remaining Indian communities and a spinning wheel to represent the progress of the nation.

In 1931, a resolution was passed adopting a tricolour as our national flag. It was very similar to the present day national flag. It only has an entire spinning wheel instead of the Dharma Chakra.

In 1921, the design of the Indian flag was first presented to Mahatma Gandhi. It was designed by Pingali Venkayya, a university lecturer. The two colours, saffron and green, were chosen to represent the Hindu and the Muslim faith, the two principle religions of the country. Mahatma Gandhi modified the flag by adding a white stripe in the centre for the other religious communities in India. On the suggestion of Lala Hans Raj Sondhi added the traditional spinning wheel at the centre of the flag. The wheel was associated with Gandhi’s crusade to make Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing.
The Indian National Flag, also known as Tiranga (tri-colour), has two-three ratio width and length. The saffron at the top bears the inborn trait of the Indians to sacrifice as well as the strength and courage of the country. The white stands for purity and peace-loving nature of the children of Mother India while the green symbolises success, fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land. In the middle of the white stripe, there stands our Chakra (a navy blue wheel). Its diameter approximates to the width of the white stripe and has 24 spokes. Also, known as the Dharma Chakra, it depicts the “wheel of the law. Its design is the same as the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital made by the 3rd-century BC Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. The wheel with 24 spokes, stands for progress would surely inspire the new slogan “Make in India”.

On the occasion of the 75th Independence Day of India, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has urged the countrymen to crown every house-top with the Tiranga. As per the existing custom, the National Flag is hoisted in educational institutions like schools and colleges to inspire the students to respect the National Flag. According to Section 2 of the new code all citizens have the right to fly the flag atop their private premises. This is going to be implemented and ensured through the Har Ghar Tiranga campaign.
Indians feel elated whenever the Tiranga flies with the braggadocio for the freedom fighters, yet with the most humble message for the country men. It is the pride of the nation. It is a symbol of honour, patriotism and freedom of our country. Irrespective of the differences of language, culture and religion in India, the Indian National Flag brings all the Indians together, representing the unity of the country.

Debanjana Banerjee

Source: The Statesman, 13/08/22

Internship: A complete guide for beginners

 In the modern world, finding a job is a difficult task. Prior to being placed in the desired job position, every company wants its applicant to have a certain amount of experience. But the million dollar question is - how can a fresher gain work experience? Internships can be the answer. A good internship can give you a down low on the career you choose, exposure to workplace practices, and of course an opportunity to show work experience as a fresher. Read on to know more about how to apply for an internship, the perks of one and where are the places to apply.

What is an internship?

Most college students, recent graduates, and sometimes even students in high school are eligible for an internship, which is a temporary employment position. Typically, interns are paid a fixed stipend which covers their basic expenses or is expected to work for academic credit. Students can learn more about the corporate culture and daily operations of the business industry through internships. A year is generally the maximum duration for an internship. Internships are also a great option for students who haven't decided on a career path yet - as it gives you real hands-on experience of the job circuit, without the commitment of actual employment.

How to get an internship?

One should begin applying for an internship early on in their undergraduate journey. This increases the scope of applying for more internships over the years, gaining the necessary skills and experience before finally applying for their first employment. Exploring numerous profiles also aids in determining your calling. In a lot of cases, an internship may also be just the stepping stone you need to join your dream company - because sometimes, really good interns are hired as permanent employees going forward.

The process of looking for an internship is comparable to looking for a regular job. Here are the steps that might help you land your first internship:

  • Find your interest

Look at potential job paths for the degree programme you're presently enrolled in. If you apply for an internship in a field that doesn't interest you, it is likely to be an unpleasant and demotivating experience. Speak with your seniors, read about internship experiences, attend seminars and conferences and conduct internet research to determine your interests. But remember to not let anything discourage you from applying. If you are not sure, apply for short internships instead of long ones.

  • Make a list of companies

Create a list of companies that, in your opinion, would be advantageous to collaborate with based on their offerings, guiding principles, level of industry knowledge, or other motivating elements like specific stalwarts who you may have a chance to work under. Check the websites of these organisations to see whether they provide internships during the time period you need.

  • Create a Resume

Resumes are pretty much the first impression you have - and so, resumes should be tailored to the job, in this case, internship, that you apply to. Be sure to include your abilities and traits after thoroughly reading the requirements given. Make sure to list prior experiences, such as having a position of responsibility in school or engaging in extracurricular or curricular activities that demonstrate your potential. Any skill-training programmes you have participated in should be specifically mentioned. Your writing must be clear and error-free while emphasising your academic accomplishments, abilities, project, and volunteer experience.

  • Develop skills

Even if you lack specialised professional experience, remember that everyone has a set of basic, soft skills. Many of these are what we call transferable skills - as in they can take you a long way professionally without being specific to any domain. Some excellent examples of these are people skills, time management, organisation and even being good with numbers. Spend some time developing transferable and specific skills such as communication and computer knowledge so that you can put your best foot forward in your internship.

  • Build your network

Start developing your network by following and interacting with the CEOs and founders of companies and startups on social media. Send them a message outlining your interest in their company and your desire to work there. Give a compelling explanation of why you would be a good fit for their company. Following them and their companies can also give you the eyes you need to spot any internship or trainee opportunities that they may float on their social media profiles.

Where should you apply for an internship?

Internships might be useful for your future endeavour to join a great company. However, with so many options available, finding an internship in India might be tough. Here are the top 3 finest internship sites in India for you to look up today.

Internshala is, without a doubt, one of the most popular internship websites in India. An incredibly versatile and user-friendly interface that allows people to get a thorough tour of the available options. The requirements can be tailored to the user's preferences. Internshala will then give a list of available internships. From MNCs to small enterprises, digital marketing to content creation, there is a wide range of companies available here. It also provides students with a variety of industries they may choose from.

In addition to being developed as a professional networking tool, LinkedIn is also one of the top internship websites in India. The internships that are available here draw students in and help them create a strong online presence to share with potential employers. Create a network and establish connections with potential mentors, managers and future colleagues using LinkedIn to score the best internships.

LetsIntern offers user-friendly internships with the bare minimum requirements and a decent stipend. This website is particularly popular among college students looking for internships in India. Its extensive reach inside small firms sets it apart from its competitors by bringing to the fore those important but often overlooked opportunities that can make all the difference when you are just starting on your professional journey.

Perks of an internship

Lately, getting that significant job offer no longer depends on just having a good degree. Nowadays, developing a successful career is as much about having relevant job experience as it is about having a degree and doing well in exams. In order to help students stand out, internships have thus become essential. Besides providing an employment opportunity, internships have other benefits which are as follows:

  • Understanding of work environment

Internships are useful for students who are deciding on a profession. They may gain a better perspective on what it's like to work for a certain firm and have a better understanding of the sector by joining a team. The insights you gain will be invaluable when deciding on the job you want, and perhaps more importantly, the jobs you don’t want to do in the future.

  • Exploring a future career path

Students can experience an industry or job for a short time through an internship. Even if they dislike the internship, they may still utilise the information to their advantage while looking for future jobs or deciding on their degree or profession.

  • Building Networks

Internships are a useful method to widen your professional network. Professional connections you meet might be the most important link for your future employment. Demonstrating interest, excitement, and desire can help them recognise your potential.

  • Job Experience

If you are joining the workforce for the first time after college or a vocational training programme, you most certainly lack the necessary experience. An internship is an excellent approach to bridging that gap. You may earn significant experience by participating in meetings and doing given duties in a real-world situation.

  • Gaining Confidence

Taking on an internship not only teaches you about the workplace but also about yourself. It will be much easier for you to identify your own strengths, weaknesses and preferences. Most importantly, the knowledge that you have practical experience can greatly increase your confidence while applying for jobs and in interviews.

Because it may provide you access to chances and new abilities that you wouldn't otherwise have, an internship is very important, especially in today’s world. In addition to teaching you the technical aspects of the business of their choice, an internship will also teach you how to communicate with other professionals in a work environment and hone crucial soft skills like time management, organisation, flexibility, problem-solving, and cooperation. So, use the abovementioned internship websites to search for the internship you like, and then apply right away!

Source: The Telegraph, 16/08/22

Take a fresh look:A data protection law must be people oriented

 There is a curious irony to the Government of India withdrawing the personal data protection bill in Parliament and stating instead that a “comprehensive legal framework” would be legislated shortly. When the Justice B.N. Srikrishna Committee was given the task of recommending a data protection law for India for the first time in 2017, the chairman and members of the Committee (I was a member) requested for a reasonable period of time for precisely the same reason — to recommend a framework that would take a holistic look at India’s digital economy, prevent regulatory overreach and protect privacy of citizens. That request was not heeded, not because time was of the essence but because in the governmental system, all deadlines are unthinkingly immediate, irrespective of the nature of the task.

As a result, the Committee, within the limited time offered to it, came up with a data protection legislation that promised a uniquely Indian approach to privacy and data protection — distinct from American way that protected individuals against the State but not as much against Big Tech, Chinese approaches which made individuals subservient to the State, as well as heavily regulatory European approaches like the General Data Protection Regulation, a goldmine for lawyers. Despite our best efforts, our recommended statute looked a bit like GDPR-lite, albeit with some uniquely Indian characteristics.

Over time, this version became heavy-handed, scarcely resembling the initial version that had been presented. The chief culprit of this was the Joint Parliamentary Committee that took two years to give its recommendations and presented a report that would imperil privacy, choke the digital economy and allow surveillance agencies wider latitude than they needed to do their job effectively. The demand that this matter go to the JPC was made by several groups which, perhaps a little too optimistically, felt that a bipartisan committee might better protect privacy than the government might. The JPC’s report, which includes in the long title of the bill the need for data protection “to ensure the interest and security of the state”, is a timely reminder to well-meaning activists and civil society groups that they must be careful what they wish for.

Handed such a befuddling report, confused in its concepts, vague in its recommendations, while at the same time voluminous in its opinions, the government appears justified in going back to the drawing board. Doing so gives it the opportunity of doing what might have been done five years back — consider the big picture of the digital universe in India. If that is indeed done, three distinct areas emerge for governmental action as part of a “comprehensive legal framework”.

First, there is an urgent need to protect children from online harm. It is unpardonable that with the withdrawal of the personal data protection bill, what technological companies can do with data of Indian children remains essentially unregulated. Children not only receive advertisements, but their behaviour can be tracked across websites and a detailed behavioural profile can be created. Further, plenty of inappropriate content is available on the internet for children without any warnings or restrictions. There is an urgent need to protect the personal data of Indian children from being mined for commercial gain.

Second, technology can play a critical role in promoting ease of living for citizens. While the government’s Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile record has been impressive, much more can be done to tap the potential of technology to improve lives. For example, despite JAM, property registration requires physical presence at the sub-registrar’s office together with the blackening of each of your fingers. The familiar rigmarole of providing physical photocopies of Aadhaar, PAN, Voter ID card plays out at otherwise well-functioning passport offices, even when requesting something as simple as change of address. To stop this, there needs to be a legislative mandate to use paperless, presence-less mechanisms whenever they are available. The promise of technology is understood by all, but behavioural change needs a strong legislative push.

Such a push is also needed because large amounts of non-personal data today lie untapped in silos within the government and the private sector. Imagine the utility of traffic data in the city of Bangalore to prioritise where the metro needs to be extended to in order to decongest the city. Or the evidence of particular kinds of disease in the population to decide which kind of medical specialist to send to a particular primary healthcare centre. The benefits of responsible processing of non-personal data are immense in facilitating ease of living. But this won’t happen unless there is a clear vision and legislative mandate to implement it.

Finally, with time, deliberation and consultation, India can also get the ‘fourth way’ privacy statute that the Srikrishna committee had aspired for. Much of its constituent elements are present — but in order to serve as a model for the Global South, a new data protection legislation needs to think in Gandhian terms of the last person in the queue — the face of the poorest citizens of the Global South — and how a data protection statute can help them access and navigate the intimidating world of the internet in an effective and safe manner.  If that isn’t incentive enough, then perhaps consider this — globally, maximum data will flow to those countries whose legislative regimes are either considered ‘adequate’ by the European Union or countries that have specific bilateral data-sharing arrangements. Such arrangements will not happen without a dedicated data protection legislation.

The time for specious arguments of not regulating data protection to incentivise startups, comfort Big Tech and the BPO industry is over. If India is to become a data leader of the Global South, it needs a package of laws that deal with data protection, children’s data and technology-enabled ease of living for Indian citizens. By withdrawing the personal data protection bill, the government has taken a good preliminary step. It must now follow up right.

Arghya Sengupta is Research Director, Vidhi Centre for Legal Polic

Source: The Telegraph, 17/08/22

Friday, August 12, 2022

Quote of the Day

 

“If you're not failing every now and again, it's a sign you're not doing anything very innovative.”
Woody Allen
“यदि आप बार बार नहीं गिर रहे हैं तो इसका अर्थ है कि आप कुछ नया नहीं कर रहे हैं।”
वुडी एलन

Current Affairs-August 11, 2022

 INDIA

– Bihar: JD(U)’s Nitish Kumar takes oath as CM, RJD’s Tejashwi Yadav appointed Deputy CM
– Justice Uday Umesh Lalit appointed 49th CJI, to take oath on Aug 27; will have a term till November 8
– Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Minister Narendra Singh Tomar launches indigenous Lumpi-ProVac vaccine to protect livestock from Lumpy Skin disease
– Fisheries & Animal Husbandry Minister Parshottam Rupala launches ‘Fish and Seafood’ book; aim is to boost the domestic consumption of fish and seafood
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– RBI releases regulatory framework for digital lending; lending business can be carried out only by entities regulated by the central bank
– Centre releases 2 instalments of tax devolution to state govts amounting to Rs 1.16 lakh crore
– World Biofuel Day celebrated on August 10; PM inaugurates second generation (2G) ethanol plant in Panipat, Haryana
– Centre decides to remove fare cap on air tickets from August 31
– LIC consolidates its leadership position with 68.57% market share
WORLD
– China says exercises near Taiwan, conducted post Nancy Pelosi visit, have ended
– WHO decries increasing attacks on monkeys over fears of spread of monkeypox in Brazil
– World Lion Day celebrated on August 10
SPORTS
– India’s CA Bhavani Devi wins gold in Commonwealth Fencing Championship 2022 in London
– Serena Williams announces retirement from professional tennis; won 23 grand slam titles starting from US Open in 1999