The world is witnessing a positive shift in the fight against hunger. The latest data shows a decline in global undernourishment from 688 million in 2023 to 673 million in 2024. India has been a key player in this progress. Its efforts in food security and nutrition have helped reduce hunger amid pandemic challenges. This article explores India’s strategies and challenges in transforming food systems to ensure nutrition and sustainability.
Global Undernourishment Trends
Global hunger rates peaked during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent decline marks the first fall since 2018 but still remains above pre-pandemic levels. About 8.2% of the world’s population is undernourished in 2024. This improvement is a sign of recovery but also marks ongoing challenges in food access and affordability.
India’s Decline in Hunger
India’s undernourishment rate dropped from 14.3% in 2020–22 to 12% in 2022–24. This means 30 million fewer people face hunger. The reduction is given India’s large population and pandemic disruptions. These gains reflect focused policy actions and improved service delivery systems.
Transformation of the PDS
India’s Public Distribution System (PDS) has been modernised through digital tools. Aadhaar-based targeting, biometric authentication, and electronic point-of-sale devices have increased efficiency. The One Nation One Ration Card scheme enables portability of food entitlements across states, aiding migrants and vulnerable groups. These innovations allowed rapid scaling of food support during crises.
Focus on Nutrition Beyond Calories
While calorie intake has improved, nutrition remains a challenge. Over 60% of Indians cannot afford a healthy diet due to high costs of nutrient-rich foods and weak supply chains. Initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman and Integrated Child Development Services now prioritise dietary diversity and nutrition sensitivity, aiming for long-term health benefits.
Challenges in Malnutrition and Food Systems
Malnutrition, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies are rising despite reduced hunger. Poor urban and rural populations are most affected. India’s agrifood system needs transformation to produce and make affordable nutrient-dense foods like pulses, fruits, vegetables, and animal products. Post-harvest losses of 13% reduce availability and increase prices.
Strengthening Agrifood Infrastructure and Support
Investing in cold storage, digital logistics, and market access is vital. Supporting women-led food enterprises and Farmer Producer Organizations, especially those growing climate-resilient crops, can improve nutrition and livelihoods. Digital platforms like AgriStack and e-NAM enhance agricultural planning and nutrition-sensitive interventions.
India’s Global Leadership in Food Security
India’s progress is a model for developing countries. Its innovations in digital governance and social protection contribute to global food security goals. With five years left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, India’s leadership is critical. The country’s experience shows that political will and smart investments can scale hunger reduction efforts.
