The United Nations has reported over 77 percent of Earth’s land has become drier in the past three decades. This situation poses serious threats to agriculture, water resources, and wildlife, and urgent action is required to address these challenges.
Key Findings from the UN Report
The UN Science-Policy Interface conducted a comprehensive study, which indicates that increasing dryness is linked to desertification and climate change. The report marks the need for improved water management practices. Sustainable land use is essential for mitigating these effects.
Economic Impacts on Africa and Asia
Africa has been severely impacted by dryness. Between 1990 and 2015, the continent lost approximately 12 percent of its GDP. Projections suggest a further loss of 16 percent in the next five years. Asia is also at risk, with an expected GDP loss of about 7 percent due to similar conditions.
Crop Vulnerability
Certain crops are particularly vulnerable to drying trends. Maize in Kenya faces risks. If current trends persist, maize production could decrease by half by 2050. This decline would have dire consequences for food security in the region.
About Drylands
Drylands are defined as areas where most rainfall evaporates. These regions struggle to support plant life due to limited water availability. The report predicts that by mid-century, two-thirds of the world’s land will have reduced water storage.
Experts are advocating for immediate action, which emphasise the importance of combating desertification. Addressing climate change is crucial for safeguarding natural resources. Effective strategies must be implemented to protect vulnerable ecosystems and communities.
GKToday Facts for Exams:
- UN Science-Policy Interface – This UN body bridges science and policy. It aims to inform decision-makers about sustainable practices. Its findings guide global responses to environmental challenges.
- Drylands – Drylands are regions where rainfall evaporates rapidly. They face extreme water scarcity. These areas struggle to sustain vegetation, impacting agriculture and biodiversity .
- African GDP Loss – Africa lost 12 percent of its GDP from 1990 to 2015 due to dryness. Future projections indicate a 16 percent loss within five years. This economic impact is alarming.
